Hi everyone.

I am currently a research student working on magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. I have obtained results from hysteresis loops that seem inconsistent with my initial expectations. Specifically, I've read the theory that for magnetic materials, the smaller the particle size, the smaller the coercivity (Hc). However, I synthesized Fe₃O₄ NPs using two methods: sample (S1) by co-precipitation and sample (S2) by hydrothermal method. TEM characterization showed sizes of ~35 nm for (S1) and ~22 nm for (S2). VSM measurements revealed that (S1) has Ms ~80 emu/g and Hc ~30 Oe, while (S2) has Ms ~68 emu/g and Hc ~70 Oe. These results confuse me when compared to the theory that Hc should decrease with smaller size.

I would greatly appreciate your help in explaining this.

Thank you sincerely.

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