We have successfully followed this protocol: Grow the biofilms on polystyrene support for 72 h. Carefully aspirate media and planktonic cells. Add ciprofloxacin (50 μg/mL) (for S. epidermidis) or Vancomycin (20 μg/mL) (for MRSA) in ½ x TSB and incubate for 24 h. Scrape the biofilm with a sterile cell scraper and wash the suspended cells in saline. You can look for persisters in this using confocal microscopy by using the LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit or use an esterase dye like calcein. You can also use FACS Sorter to isolate pure persisters from this suspension. If you don’t have these systems, simply follow up the scraping with serial dilution and plating on TSA containing 1% MgCl2 , to inactivate ciprofloxacin. The colonies will usually be small. Best of luck!