Seems like a firewall issue. If you have detailed logs in your ftp client, maybe it will show you which port it tries to connect to get the directory listing. If ftp connection tracking is working correctly on the firewall you go through it should be ok. But if you use non standard ftp command ports (other than 21), or use encrypted ftp command connection (FTPS), the connection tracking "cannot see" which ports to dynamically open for ftp data connections.
If it is possible, consider migrating to SFTP/SCP instead of regular FTP, its more secure and more firewall friendly :-)