Yes, it is normal to observe opposite expression of genes between different disease conditions, including different severities of the same viral infection. This could be due to various factors, including differences in the immune response or cellular pathways activated in response to the viral infection.

How to interpret these opposite expressions for such common genes?

The interpretation of opposite gene expression patterns depends on the specific genes involved and the context of the disease condition. Some genes may have a protective effect in one disease condition but be detrimental in another, while others may be involved in different but complementary pathways. It is important to analyze the biological function and known pathways associated with these genes to gain a better understanding of their role in the disease condition. Further experimental validation may be required to confirm the role of these genes in the specific disease condition.

Satyendra Singh Thank You

The shift between two opposite direction of change is the rule for regulatory genes that work as 'toggle.switches' in which the biphasic alternation of two conditions is the basis for a sort of digital control of biological regulation. It is not by chance that a great part of toggle-switches are retroviral origin sequences that mirror the lytic-lysogenic phases of viruses and phagi, see:

Article Identifying toggle genes from transcriptome-wide scatter: A ...

Alessandro Giuliani Thank you very much..

Alessandro Giuliani In that paper you mentioned you explain this requires further investigation in terms of evolutionary processes. What do you mean by that? Can you please explain??

This statement has nothing to do with the actual presente of bistable genesi that are there in relevant amount but with their origin and more importante that they out into questione the te ability of classical darwinism

A propos of switches from an evolutionary perspective, this is a very interesting paper

Alessandro Giuliani i understand that..my concern is that, in a disease sceniorio are those bistable gene contribute twords disease phenotypes/outcome?

if so, can I perform an evolutionary study of the state/interaction of those bistable genes with pathogens??

Article The paradox of opposite directions of gene expressions in MC...

It is not uncommon to observe contrasting gene expression patterns in different disease conditions of the same viral infection. This may be due to various factors, such as the stage of the viral infection, variations in the host's immune responses, or the extent of tissue damage. The expression levels of some genes can also be influenced by factors like age, gender, underlying health issues, and genetic background, which can contribute to the observed conflicting gene expression patterns. Therefore, it is essential to consider the disease context and the biological functions of the genes when interpreting the opposite gene expression patterns seen in different disease conditions of the same viral infection.

When dealing with insignificant results in statistical analysis, there are several things you can do. One of them is to perform an equivalence test. The problem with a non-significant result is that it’s ambiguous. You can also collaborate to collect more data, use directional tests to increase statistical power, perform sequential analyses to improve data collection efficiency and submit a Registered Report. It’s important to report the findings of an insignificant result as it is and to add that there are probably other variables that will explain the finding.

Yes, it is normal to observe opposite expressions of genes between different disease conditions, including different severities of the same viral infection. This could be due to various factors, including differences in the immune response or cellular pathways activated in response to the viral infection.