In addition to those cited in the threads posted by Dr Vrdoljak, I would have suggested Harvard dataverse: https://dataverse.harvard.edu/ . It's free of charge, it accepts up to 10GB, and is now very widely used. Not a way to criticize Zenodo, Figshare etc. which are great also of course - I post my data on Zenodo... Just surprised not to see Dataverse mentioned in the past answers.
A Decade of Open Data in Research — Real Change or Slow Moving Compliance?
The fact that the largest public funder of biomedical research in the world is telling researchers to share their data demonstrates how fast the push for open academic data is accelerating...
While a lot of the focus is on incentive structures and the burden for researchers, the academic community should not lose focus on the potential ‘seismic’ benefits that open data can have for reproducibility and efficiency in research, as well as the ability to move further and faster when it comes to knowledge advancement...
The open data revolution won’t happen unless the research system values the sharing of data as much as authorship on papers, argues a Nature editorial. “Crediting all those who contribute their knowledge to a research output is a cornerstone of science,” says the editorial. “The prevailing convention — whereby those who make their data open for researchers to use make do with acknowledgement and a citation — needs a rethink.”
There are several repositories for raw data. The best known is Mendeley data https://data.mendeley.com/, but there are others that I find very good such as Zenodo https://zenodo.org/. The difference between these two directories is that Mendeley data is not publishable immediately, it needs approval by the Mendeley team and this can take up to a week, on the other hand, Zenodo does not require any approval and therefore the data is publishable in a few seconds.
I also note that there are journals specialized in data publication such as Data in Brief https://www.journals.elsevier.com/data-in-brief.