Dear Shirley Wang , I have posted many answers about the application of AI and Robotics in Medicine in different discussion rooms. You may find fine resources and many answers to your questions, just follow the links:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Acceptance_of_Artificial_Intelligence_in_Medicine

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Artificial_intelligence_and_medicine

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Your_idea_on_application_of_expert_systems_in_medicine_curing_diseases

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_your_opinion_on_Artificial_Intellegence_in_Medicine

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Describe_the_applications_of_generative_AI_in_healthcare_and_drug_discovery

I hope it will be of some help to your research.

How to road-test medical AI

"People developing artificial-intelligence (AI) systems for use in medical settings aim to save lives — but the testing required to verify that these systems are working isn’t always happening. Only a small proportion of devices — those that might pose a high risk to patients — require clinical-trial data for approval, and few such trials have been published. Researchers know what an ideal clinical trial for an AI-based intervention should look like, but in practice, testing these technologies is challenging — it’s not even clear how to best inform patients and ask for their consent..."

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-02675-0

If surgical robots can reach the level of doing bespoke tailoring and know enough applicable anatomy and pathology as a competent surgeon ! ? So many crafts are learned not just by brain & knowledge but by heart & perseverence !?

Thanks for the replies, I find it very interesting.

First of all, the term “Artificial Intellect” is a kind of hoax. All so-called AI systems are only a kind of programming. It is only a list of commands that a machine can perform. The overall quality of this software depends on the quality of used algorithms, but it is still only a list of commands. This code is unable to do anything new, unknown to humans. Therefore, it is not an artificial intellect. Surgery is one of the most complex medical procedures. Even a simple appendectomy requires a lot of attention and every patient has its anatomy. Robots are used in surgery but only under the careful control of experienced surgeons.