01 January 1970 16 2K Report

The first contributions by quantum mechanics (QM) to electromagnetism (EM) were due to the work by Max Planck in postulating the photon, later by Einstein in postulating the stimulated emission of photons and in calculating the Einstein A and B coefficients, predicting the laser -- light emission by stimulated emission of radiation. See https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200508/history.cfm

Macroscopically, both motion of charges and magnetic moments seem, at first, to be responsible for the magnetic field, but the B moment is made up up only by motion of charges according to special relativity (SR) ... still, there are no monopoles in nature, while QM adds the magnetic moment of particles.

Einstein first pointed it out, when he proposed SR, albeit with no QM. Using modifications by Minkowski, SR was applied by Einstein to general relativity (GR). We live in at least 4D, said Einstein. Still, GR is not compatible with QM.

But in EM, Maxwell's equations are NOT equivalent to the relativistic equations for the field strength tensor (as some presumed), because they exclude QM, such as in the Aharonov-Bohm effect and the laser.

Here, gravitoelectromagnetism (​proposed by Oliver Heaviside and further developed by Olev Jefimenko) was revealed to be incorrect and not covariant with SR (does not show Lorentz covariance), and does not include QM. Their (Heaviside and Jefimenko) ideal of electromagnetic theory therefore falls short by not accepting the rules of SR and QM. This is well-known.

Physically, GR seems right, as it agrees with Minkowski SR. One would need to use not vectors but tensors, as both sides of an equation A = A must transform equally under transformations such as rotation, mirroring, or translation. And one can also use scalars, following the formalism of the Euler-Lagrange equation. Therefore, GR was used although incompatible with QM.

Some people say that "there is no need for the Euler-Lagrange equation in mechanics, because essentially it does not go beyond Newton's laws." Yes, that is WP says, but is wrong.

Newton's laws do not include a way to add SR and QM, but the Euler-Lagrange equation does. There are flaws in Newton's laws as well (not in the Euler-Lagrange equation), some documented elsewhere, such as absolute time and "demonologically based" action-reaction.

The magnetic moment of the electron and of a neutral particle are then taken into account, properly, by adding QM and SR in the Euler-Lagrange equation -- not by adding Maxwell equations. EM seems complete with SR and QM, excluding the Maxwell equations.

In all of that one apparent lack of coherency remains -- Why is GR incompatible with QM?

We found that the answer lies not in physics per se, but in the use of conventional mathematics, which predicates a supposed Newtonian "continuity", "infinitesimal", and "infinity" that, however, do not exist in Nature -- and then we modified and extended GR to be compatible with QM, by using proper mathematics.

Constructive mathematics, such as Digital Constructivism, should be used in GR and elsewhere, where the notion of "there exists" is strictly interpreted as "can be constructed". Everywhere is digital, quantum. If the quantum does not seem digital, this is a sign that one has not reached the quantum -- still, one has a mixture. The Curry-Howard correspondence, in mathematics, indicates also that there is no continuity, and no "number" or quantity as infinite, no epsilons and deltas of Cauchy, no infinitesimals.

After a preprint period in academic circles and in RG, for open comments, our answer and proposed solution -- why modified GR is compatible with QM -- is now published, and can be seen free under Kindle Unlimited, or obtained inexpensively on ebook and paperback formats, for example at: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07ZXRQQJX

What is your qualified opinion?

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