How are low HRTs connected with the increase of EPS (and consequently membrane fouling rate) in MBRs? What's the chemistry behind this?

It has been observed that low HRTs promote membrane fouling in MBRs, due to the increase in bound or soluble EPS.

08 September 2017 4,739 1 View

What is the characteristic length to determine the Reynolds number for the scattered turbulent fluid flow?

Dear all, I just saw this example in FB on the difference between laminar flow and turbulent flow. The flow from a pipe hits the sink and scattered. The flow from the pipe is characterized as...

02 March 2021 1,999 5 View

Issues with Permeabilization during Flow Cytometry?

Hello Everyone. Currently I am working to characterize macrophages in the myocardium after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Due to the low total cell number isolated from rat hearts I can...

01 March 2021 3,867 3 View

Heat exchanger with liquid Nitrogen as coolant?

I want to cool Natural Gas from 195 Kelvin to 138 Klevin in a heat exchanger by using liquid nitrogen as the coolant medium. When entering the heat exchanger, the liquid nitrogen will have a...

01 March 2021 6,450 5 View

Why do the air flow results vary totally when adding scalar in CFD ?

Dear All, We are using Autodesk cfd to calculate the air flow in a single sided naturally ventilated room, where air flow depends only on buoyancy due to temperature difference between inside and...

25 February 2021 9,602 4 View

Unknown debris sheets observed in cell culture flasks?

Hi, We culture neural progenitor cells in T175 culture flasks coated with PLO-Laminin. We have successfully grown these cells with our protocol for months. Recently, we observed large sheets...

25 February 2021 3,443 4 View

Why anti-CD20 or other antibodies are not used to label target cells in flow cytometry t-cell cytotoxicity assay?

New to the field of cell therapy. Why fluorescent-labeled antibodies to target cell antigens are not used for determining target cell count by flow cytometry in cytotoxicity assay (eg car-t)? Cell...

21 February 2021 3,278 3 View

How to calculate time-averaged fields from Ansys CFX solver?

I would appreciate any comments on the following problem. I need to calculate mean fields (e.g. pressure, velocity and vorticity), for which I activate Trn Stats tab in CFX-Pre. However, what I...

21 February 2021 8,548 7 View

Which software is best to analyse multi-phase fluid flows ?

Hello everyone, hope all is good. I want to analyse multi-phase fluid flow through pipe, which software is best to do so ?

21 February 2021 4,230 8 View

How to get/count refractive index in gasses?

20 February 2021 8,202 6 View

Can anyone help with an Accurate Diffuser Expansion Loss formula for rectangular shaped diffusers in turbulent flow regime?

I have tried Idelchik's Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance 4th Edition (2007 page 300) formulas and across some range the formulas are reported valid for, the law of conservation of energy is...

20 February 2021 2,504 1 View