In principle you can get some information using radionuclides such as:
Th-234 (T1/2 about 24 d)
Be-7 T1/2 about 55d)
disequilibrium Th-228 (T1/2 about 2 yr)/Ra-228( T1/2 about 6 yr)
Pb-210 (T1/2 about 22 yr).
you can find a similar analysis in
Article Settling fluxes and sediment accumulation rates by the combi...
You will need some sediment cores to study your environment.
The main problem is to separate the effects of bioturbation from those of sedimentation. To obtain good results, the presence of a clear time marker (such as chemical releases at a known age) could be useful. Please, do not hesitate to contact me with more details about your question if you are interested in more specific advice.