I would like to find out if a specific learning disorder in mathematics can explain a persons inability to learn music theory or read music when talented at composition and performance.
I think that there are not any connection between "Mathematics Learning Disorder" and "inability to learn music theory". Most of well- known composers were bad mathematicians, e.g. my love composer Sergey Rachmaninov. Can help mathematical capabilities to learn music theory or read music ? My answer would be YES. But I don't think that mathematical capabilities are guarantee to learn music theory very well. In my opinion, if you are talanted at composition you must be motivated to learn music theory as necessary way to present your composition to community.
The same can be told about chess: most of well-known grand masters were bad mathematicians too. Deep studing mathematics can not guarantee to play in chess very well, but playing in chess can develop mathematical capabilities.