Theory of planned behavior (TPB) developed by Icek Ajzen (1985, 1991) is well recognized and used model to predict and explain behavior across a wide range of different types of behaviors like entrepreneurs, social workers, etc. Its limitations are discussed by many scholars which include assumption of availability of resources and finance; effect of fear, threat, mood, or past experience; environmental and economical factors, linearity in decision making, actual control over behavior and time frame between tension and actual behavior. i want to add one more important factor which is not covered in the model is role of intense emotional feelings in behavior like patriotism and activism. In my opinion, such behaviors are not the results of reflection , fear or threat. I want a discussion among the researchers and scholars on this point.
The proposal is very interesting. I have used the model for environmental behavior issues, in these issues it might be appropriate to include activism as one of the variables, it would be necessary to test to evaluate the results.
Dear Antonio
Thanks the information. I think that we should evaluate this as activism is increasing due to more awareness and increased ways of social interaction through social media. Also, a wave of patriotism is noticed in India due to more activities at the border, patriotism also at a high level. in such country, this factor also may play a vital role on behavior.
I agree Ajzen's TPB emphasizes deliberate processes while linking attitude to behavior; more spontaneous processes may be better modeled by Fazio's MODE. Nevertheless, I wonder if these criticisms are so valid. Patriotism may be an attitude with a strong affect component. Activism indicates a strong behavioral component of attitude. Similarly, environmental and economic factors, as well as fear and threat, may be mostly accounted for within perceived behavioral control. This is to say, are you actually proposing a limitation of the Theory of Planned Behavior or are you hypothesizing a particular application of it? Best wishes building your model, Krishna. ~ Kevin
Dear Kelvin
thanks for your views. As I understood , Patriotism and activism can not only be considered as attitude and these points are not considered by Ajzen to my best knowledge. I feel that some inherent intense beliefs create these feelings and result in behavior different from the main stream. I am trying to investigate the motivation and behavior aspects of Entrepreneurship in Aerospace Industry in India and I found that some of the entrepreneurs reflected this aspect. Could you please provide some more input?
Regards,
Krishna Murari
From the vantage point of Social Psychology, Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior is an attempt to explain why an attitude and the corresponding behavior don't match up nearly was well as we might expect. For example, what is your attitude toward smoking and your behavior of smoking cigarettes. You might intuitively think the correlation is very high (e.g., r=.9), but in actuality it's usual closer to r=.3. Why not more? Maybe it's because other factors play a role in addition to the key attitude (i.e., norms; perceived behavioral control). If I understand correctlty, you're saying attitude toward the aerospace industry predicts work in the aerospace industry, but also other attitudes matter too (like patriotism). To me, that's a very sensible hypothesis. Attitudes are often correlated with other attitudes and behaviors. But in defense of Ajzen's TPB, I think your hypothesis is outside the scope of what the model is meant to address. Maybe you can formulate your hypothesis building from TPB and studies of patriotism? Best wishes with your project, Krishna. ~ Kevin
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