Splitting of water is possible in the dark atmosphere?, If so what may be the reasons behind it, which parameters need to conc. and if any reference papers available it will be very helpful.
To move a system from less energy level to higher energy level you need to use energy.
Water is more stable than hydrogen and oxygen. Water is a very stable system with low energy level. To split it into hydrogen and oxygen (or to produce hydroxyl radical) you need energy. You can do this for free. Therefore, you need solar energy (or other type of energy if you can).