Acute Diarrhoeal Disease ( ADD ) is an important cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in developing countries. AKI is a preventable complication of ADD. The Haiti outbreak is due to a virulent strain of Cholera causing a very high mortality rate. As there is no data available on the incidence of AKI due to Cholera in Haiti, I request anyone who has published any data on the complications of cholera to provide the relevant information.
Article Acute renal failure due to acute diarrhoeal diseases
Cholera causes death by three mechanisms 1) severe volume depletion leading to hypovolemic shock 2) severe metabolic acidosis due to bicarbonate loss in stools & 3) Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) . The first two complications occur within 24 - 48 hrs , while AKI occurs a few days later . In India , Acute diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of community acquired AKI . This can be prevented by adequate hydration within the first 6 - 8 hrs . It is essential that serum creatinine is checked in every patient with moderate to severe dehydration before discharge , so that AKI is not missed .
Yemen has reported about one million cases of cholera , with more than 2000 deaths in 2017 . This is the largest outbreak of cholera in world history . Infectious diseases contribute to large number of AKI in developing countries & data is essential to attain 0by25 ( 0 deaths due to preventable AKI by 2025 ) . The WHO estimates about 4 million cases per year & 1,43,000 deaths occur due to cholera .
Haiti reported 6,90,575 cases with 8346 deaths between 2010 - 2013 . Peru reported 6,83,487 cases with 4655 deaths between 1991 - 1996 . Zimbabwe reported 1,28,208 cases with 5634 deaths between 2008 - 2009 . In 1994 , DR Congo reported 70,000 cases with 12, 000 deaths .
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