Often QTLs with R2 values exceeding 0.10 are considered large effect. However, QTL effect can be overestimated if population size is too small. See the link below for more information.
the phenotypic variance expressed by a QTL(R2) depends on the crop and trait you are working on. Most researchers fallow 20 and 50%R2 is a gene. Additionally, its always better to validate the percent marker trait association to select the genomic regions (QTLs) and markers associated with the genomic region tightly associated with the phenotype.