There are some ways to calibrate the path-loss exponent in wireless sensor networks, using anchor nodes. But they work only in localization.
I think that an alternative would be to perform a regular (systematic) grid of signal power measurements (on the coverage area) and then try to best fit them (least squares) into a IDW model for estimating the continue signal strength using interpolation. That process will give you the estimated (and uncertain) exponents for the pathloss model. That IDW evaluation can be adaptive. What do you think about this approach? It is entirely empirical but it might be more general and practical to implement. Good luck!
A former colleague, Niklas Jaldén, describes estimation of path-loss exponents in his PhD thesis: "Analysis and Modelling of Joint Channel Properties from Multi-site, Multi-Antenna Radio Measurements" (http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:300878/FULLTEXT01.pdf) Perhaps it can be of interest to you?
using linear regression model we need to calculate the pathloss exponent value
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