Several sources have mentioned that “effect” and “impact” can be used interchangeably. However, there is still some level of confusion that requires a more precise explanation for proper understanding.
In scientific writing, clarity matters.
If your study measures a direct outcome, effect is usually the better choice. If you're discussing broader implications or long-term consequences, impact may be more appropriate.
Effect: A change that results from a specific cause.
Often more immediate, direct, and measurable.
Common in experimental or quantitative studies.
Example: “The study examined the effect of classroom size on student performance.”
Impact: A strong or significant influence that something has.
Usually broader, more long-term, and can be emotional, social, economic, etc.
Often used in qualitative studies, policy discussions, or when describing broader implications.
Example: “The research explored the impact of digital technology on teaching practices.”
Use “effect” when discussing specific, measurable outcomes caused by a variable.
Use “impact” when referring to a broader or deeper influence, often over time.
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