In general, the nanoparticles are designed for the effective delivery of desired loaded drug. In this regard, following articles might be helpful for you.
I do not have information about gold nps and diabets. however, in my current projeck we are still trying to synthsize polymeric nanoparticles which would be glucose or fructose sensitive. at the momment we are trying to release dye molecule by glucose/fructoce addition. if the system woulld work, we will use this system in order to release inslulin by increase in glucose concentration. so that the system would be oto-insuline release system for diabetics by polymeric nanoparticles. in the literature you may find a few articles about this concept.