There are different tools (e.g., R, BibExcel) for science mapping. The tools often help in extracting the highly cited references (with frequency count). I recently used one of them for practice and noticed several duplicates of cited references. It was challenging to determine the unique frequency count of a particular reference. I found the following issues:
1. Missing authors.
2. Short names of journals.
3. Format of text (capitalization)
4. Inclusive DOIs.
These were the common reasons that made the reference duplicate. However, I used Regular Expressions to fix these problems. But I am looking for a distinctive method or tool. Kindly suggest.