I want to find the oxidation state of a metal bonded to support. XPS technique is not available to me, can anyone suggest any other technique to do it? For example, it can be Copper bonded to Chitosane.
Usually X-Ray techniques are used (XPS, XRF, XANES). Have you tried using UV-Vis? The absorption peaks should shift if the oxidation state changes.
Thank you Mr. M.Farooq. I was using copper as an example. What if i use any lanthanide or Ti, how can i find their oxidation state.
XPS is a surface sensitive technique. It is generally used for getting informations about the oxidation state on surfaces by the binding energy shift. It is a powerfull technique but expensive. Everybody has not chance to have it.
I use sometimes, the classical XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) to know the oxidation state of metals if Metal(0), Metal(I) and Metal(II) give diffrent diffraction patterns.
Do you have a XRD apparatus which is widely used?
Thank you Dr. Atilla Atli for your answer. We have the XRD apparatus and i will analyse my samples.
Thank you Dr. Farooq. To be more specific i want to bind lanthanum on chitosan. I previously saw a paper in green chemistry where Ru was bonded to chitosan (DOI: 10.1039/C3GC42004C). I wish to see if i can bind any lanthanide (lanthanum preferrably) so that i can analyse it for my further research. So please suggest some method to calculate its oxidation state. As you suggested, XRD may not be useful as chitosan is not crystalline.
An ideal tool for that is using synchrotron XANES + EXAFS. If you have one nearby you can submit a proposal and normally they finance everything except travel costs.
An another possible method is to use fluorescence. Is lanthan fluorescent ? If so it can be that Ln produces different fluorescence in different oxidation states.
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