You can 3D model & analysis SSI problems using the fast, simple and state-of-the-art Near-Field Method (NFM) accurately. Just look at this attached Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Elsevier 2015 published article.
Article The near-field method for dynamic analysis of structures on ...
If you mean the interaction in term of friction, yes, you can measure the interaction by using direct shear test and interpret the results in term of soil-structure.
At the interface of interaction between soil and structural component, there may be other relative interaction between soil particles in contact creating intergranular force or contact force. Yes this can actually be measured using the Direct Shear Test or the Triaxial Test but the main target from what I understand Jasim is asking is the reaction from the structure to the effect of the interaction. friction force is generated viz; soil to soil and soil to structure. Minimal settlement comes into play to allow for structural stability depending on the age of the structure. the force of interaction should be to a degree that it doesn't adversely affect the settlement and contact force is measured by the potential function of the contact pressure and the area of the contact zone. goodluck Jasim
You can use the "embedded pile feature" as a new soil-pile interaction concept as described in Plaxis manual. In this concept the pile does not occupy volume, a particular radius around the axis of the embedded beam corresponding to the pile radius, is maintained elastic. You can develop this idea to be workable to other foundation types and tunnels.