Dear Yoshinori,

many thanks for this question as well as for your direct message via the RG messaging tool which I have just received and to which I will respond separately. Of course, there is an abundance of literature on connections between climatic history and socio-economic development in Europe over the last millennium (and much longer!). Particularly for England, there are many good climate reconstructions available, some of which have solidly been linked to economic indicators. However, I do not know whether any correlation between the development of wages and climatic history has so far been conducted. If you have a long-term time series for the development of wages in England, I am pretty sure you can find an appropriate climate series with which to correlate it. Of course, it is one thing to detect temporal correlations and quite another thing to establish CAUSAL connections. But your idea of correlating British wages to climate dynamics seems fascinating and very promising! Please keep us posted on what specific time series of wage development you have, so that one could build from there.

Greetings to Japan & all the best,

Julius

Dear Julius,

thank you for responding to my question. As for a long-term real wage rate, I believe Gregory Clark's series is the best result as far as I know. Please See

Fig. 1 (p.29)

Article The Condition of the Working-Class in England, 1200- 2000: M...

As you see the series starts from 1200 although it lacks several years for 1200's. This is the real wage rates for building workers mainly in London and Oxford. The nominal wage rates are constant for long years. Consequently the real wage moves oppositely with bread or wheat prices. If we assume that there is no rapid change of agricultural technology, the real wage movement must depend much on the goodness or badness of the crops.

Please tell me your opinion. The most remarkable fact for before the Industrial Revolution is that real wages are higher in the 15th century than any real wages before and after that until 1850. Does this signify that England was warmer in this century than other centuries?

As I am not a specialist in these questions, any information will be helpful to me.

Dear Yoshinori,

many thanks, indeed, for your message as well as for the attached paper! Did you consider that the transition between the Medieval Warm Period (MWP, also known by various other acronyms such as MCA [Medieval Climatic Anomaly] or MCO [Medieval Climate Optimum] etc.) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) may potentially have played a role in these socio-economic trends? Of course, these are very broad periods of northwestern European climate history with huge internal spatio-temporal variability, but they - nevertheless - may have had an impact on the processes you're describing. What do you think?

Thanks & greetings to Japan!

Julius

Dear @Yoshinori Shiozawa Kindly check the following links, and attached pdfs; hope, these could be important sources of insight to the answer of your question.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982209011828

https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/57/6/523/236231

Dear Yoshinori,

perhaps it's not related strictly to the topic of your question, but I think that you might find something interesting in articles dealing with relations between past societies and climate

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03190-2

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/annales-histoire-sciences-sociales-english-edition/article/emergence-of-interdisciplinary-environmental-history/A30A44F1E9991E2962E989F415628CA6