Low vitamin D concentrations have been associated with a wide range of adverse maternal and offspring health outcomes in observational epidemiological studies.
Vit D deficiency has been associated with several adverse reproductive and pregnancy outcomes including pre-eclampsia, GDM, HTN, thyroid disorders, etc.
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with a number of adverse health outcomes and has been recognised as a public health concern. Plus, observational data has suggested a link between low vitamin D and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, risk of infections, caesarean section and fetal growth restriction)
Vitamin E deficiency causes spontaneous decidualisation (senescence) in the pseudopregnant rats. See Lang et al (2016). Whether this is the cause of neonatal uterine bleeding or neonatal menstruation in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction and consequently a potential risk of early onset endometriosis in adolescent needs to be further investigated.See Lévy et al. (1964) and Brosens et al. Reproductive Sciences (2016).
Experiments in cell cultures and animals have clearly shown that Vitamin E has a pivotal role as antioxidant agent against the lipid peroxidation on cell membranes preserving the tissue cells from the oxidative damage.
Under these conditions Vitamin E supplementation may counteract the aging and the senescence. More research is needed. See Mocchegiani et al. (2014)
A recent meta-analysis suggests that α-TOH (a form of Vitamin E that corrects Vitamin E deficiency) supplements may actually increase all-cause mortality; however, the mechanism for this increased risk is unknown. Because of the wide popularity and use of vitamin E supplements, further research into potential adverse effects is clearly warranted.
One of the issues in comparative studies is the varied cutpoints used to define vitamin D deficiency. There is a systematic review on this topic at the link below.