Is there any difference between References and Bibliography or else it is one and the same?
Usually, it is not the same, although sometimes both words are used as synonyms. See these discussions:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Difference_between_bibliography_and_reference
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Why_do_we_write_the_word_Reference_in_Research_Articles_and_not_Bibliography_How_the_two_words_are_technically_different
Dr. Krishna Kumar D
Thank you very much for this question. It has been answered a few times on RG.
Dr. Wolfgang R. Dick has already explained the difference.
As it is generally understood, Bibliography is the full list of books, articles, papers etc., which the Scholar read/studied partly or fully that contain relevant research material.
On the other hand, References is the list of documents, books, articles etc., from where research material/text that is relied upon and quoted in the research paper. Usually a reference contains the page number at which the quoted text appears in it.
Hope this helps.
Hello Dr Krishna Kumar D
I agree with the above opinions and invariably find that the one that I put at the end of an article (manuscript) is "references" and I am rarely asked for what we call a "bibliography", which is more a general reading list on the topic.
Hello Mr. Krishna Kumar D sir !
In practice, we use References and Bibliography terms interchangeably, but technically there is difference between them.
Suppose, for my research article/thesis, I had consulted/visited say 100 reference sources (Journal articles, books, websites, theses, patents, standards, manuals etc.) and if I listed all of them, then it should be 'Bibliography'.
And it I have listed, say only 80 out of these sources, from which I have actually referred / cited in my research article/thesis, then it should be labelled as 'References'.
So, 'Bibliography' is a broader concept and 'References' is a narrower one.
Best wishes
Mataprasad
Speaking as an author, postdoc and librarian - any source you name in a footnote or endnote is a reference.
Your bibliography is an alphabetical list of sources u used
(Sorry, typo there!) Bibliography is an alphabetical list of sources used. You may or may not be advised only to list items you actually referenced, as opposed to including other useful sources that you did not mention.
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