I am looking for a system that measures insect activity over a natural area such as a pond. Is there anything? I was thinking similarly to sonar to measure bird migration.
These in-air ultrasonic detectors might do it, but you will need to check the sensitivity. If you want position you may need several and to signal process the results together.
there are some publication about the use of radar with insects (see below). I read that Biodiversity Center Naturalis in Leiden tried in 2019 a new insect monitoring method using cameras with AI :
Hogeweg L., Zeegers T., Katramados I. & Jongejans E. (2019). Smart Insect Cameras. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 : e39241.
https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.39241
Best regards
Jérôme
Radars and insects :
Chapman J. W., Drake A. & Reynolds D. R. (2011). Recent Insights from Radar Studies of Insect Flight. Annual Review of Entomology 56 : 337–356.
Drake, V. A., Hatty, S., Symons, C., & Wang, H. (2020). Insect monitoring radar: Maximizing performance and utility. Remote Sensing, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040596