dealing with natural drugs in small quantities (10 to 100 mg) in chemical reaction is very risky, in many cases the reaction does not occur causing the loss of hardly isolated natural compounds. Are there some books or chapters or review which deals with natural drugs in very small quantities? These reactions should be only one step to avoid the loss of the compound.
Dear Ammar,
Every organic reaction conditions has its own advantages over others for the same modification and mainly depend of the organic groups in the substrate and the reagents used for the modification. Then, what kind of modification (alkylation, halogenation, nitration) do you want to do and over what kind natural products (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes)? To do a better answer to you, I would like to known what kind of modification do you want to do. If, it not possible by confidential reason, I just recommend to you that should be read about solid phase organic synthesis, because it frequently deal with small amount of substrate. (Eifler-Lima et al 2010). For small scale organic reaction over natural products in liquid phase you should read several examples from Cheronis's or Pavia´s books.
Eifler-Lima et al 2010, (DOI: 10.1590/S0103-50532010000800002)
Cheronis et al. (Semimicro and Macro Organic Chemistry)
Pavia et al. (A Microscale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques)
it depends what is the purpose you wish to achieve. If you are just looking for an analytical analysis you can do it on less than a mg and confirm the product by LCMS analysis. If you want to make analogues for SAR study then you need at least 5 mg to take into account losses in the reaction and purification process, followed by biological testing. You can do it with even less but that will need more specialised methods like solid phase linking. Your question is too general as Jairo has mentioned.
For a start one of the easiest reaction will probably be acetylation if you have an alcohol or amine.
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