The researchers dealt with nanofluid technology in various thermal systems in order to improve the thermal performance of these systems. Is the use of nanofluid more effective in the natural convection systems or forced convection systems?
Dear Hayder
The physical mechanisms in forced convection and natural convection are different. It depends on the application case and many other parameters.
I recommend you this good review paper :
https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/3469399/5-4._Heat_transfer_characteristics_of_nanofluids-a_review.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1517151607&Signature=scdTsz%2FitPu3FIRommfwit4FzrI%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DHeat_transfer_characteristics_of_nanoflu.pdf
Best regards
Nano fluids will be more viscous compared to the base fluid. You will increase the pumping loss in forced convection. But amount of fluid to be circulated can be decreased due to its better thermal conductivity.
You may please have a look at this Conference Paper A REVIEW ON HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY NANOFLUID
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