Since 2000, beginning with Mizoguchi and Bourdeau seminal publication "Using Ontological Engineering to Overcome Common AI-ED Problems", and other researchers publications, ontologies and semantic web have been applied to Education, mainly in virtual learning environment. Have those applications reached the expected results? What is your opinion?
That is a very interesting question. Ontologies have a wide variety of applications, not only in virtual learning. In my opinion, although, i have not seen a major change in the way that ontologies have been used in the literature, on the other hand, it is a very promising research line, in the sense of what other technoloy or techniques (e.g. from AI) you use side by side with ontologies. For example the topic of context-aware knowledge acquisition for automated planning and execution applications, in that sense using ontologies is very promising for the direction of goal driven autonomy (GDA) and to provide robots that are executing a plan with a higher level of autonomy (bolstered autonomy) to dynamically generate goals and extend the robot domain model with relevant new objects of new types that the robot does not know (was not included in its design). This has two implications, i. if the robot task is a cognitive task / a non physical task basically this would mean that the robot can learn new functionalities (brand new action schemas). On the other hand, ii. if the task of the robot is physical and heavily depends on its physical operating capabilities, the interest would be is to extend its domain with only relevant and operable new objects of brand new types that are strictly manageable by the agent/robot capabilities. I would like to refer you to this paper: Conference Paper A context-aware knowledge acquisition for planning applicati...
with respect to bolstering agents autonomy respecting physical capabilities, and also, this paper:Conference Paper Extending planning knowledge using ontologies for goal opportunities
with respect to bolstering autonomy of agents of non specialised physical task.
Bourdeau and Mizoguchi published a follow-up article in 2016 that you might find itneresting: https://iaied.org/journal/1404
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