This is a good question without a simple answer. Yes, we want to preserve functioning ecosystems which will support biodiversity and the ecosystem services that we need. However, the available evidence - from current observations and the paleoecological record - shows that species respond individually to climate change, so that the currently existing ecosystems will inevitably change. Some species will increase, others decrease; some will move while others will acclimate or adapt in situ; some will move fast, others more slowly. If global warming is held below 2 degrees - still possible but looking increasingly unlikely - then future ecosystems will probably be similar to present-day ones, but greater warming will cause greater disruption and future ecosystems will then be different and relatively impoverished.

Yes, and preserving habitat

Actually your question says loudly that the answer is hide in it. Yes, we all want natural environment with healthy biodiversity. But who cares ? our biodiversity degrade day by day. Many species are disappeared due to loss environmental conditions. 1st thing is that the main reason of loss biodiversity is deforestation for personal and govt. benefits. 2nd is the destruction of habitats. last few decades the earths temperature is rise. if we not controls our behavior to destruction then we not conserve our biodiversity.

It is not hopeless. There have been numerous local extinctions but few global extinctions so far. Nature can recover if it is allowed to. Human populations will peak sometime later this century and start to decline; net carbon emission will decline rapidly as renewables become cheaper; extreme poverty is rapidly declining and most people live in cities, reducing pressure on marginal land. We need to get through the next 30-50 years with as little irreversible damage as possible, then start restoring the Earth, or letting it restore itself.

Good to read the comments and reply from R.T.Corlett. Where and when do you consider the evolutionary potential for the species and ecosystems in nature conservation?

Best,

Guy

A good question, Guy, and I am not sure if we can answer it. Basic genetics tells us that Noah's two of each species won't work, but we have no clear idea about what we need to conserve to preserve evolutionary potential. The ZSL's 'EDGE' program, which focuses on evolutionarily distinct endangered species, makes sense at the species level, but how much genetic diversity do we need for each species? For ecosystem adaptability, we probably should preserve functional diversity, but there are many potential functions and we only have reasonable proxies for a few of them.

Absolutely.

Yes natural conservation is very important to protect our ecosystem. In some cases to conserve ex-situ for endangered species.

Some gene technology also apply to avoid extinction of endanger species

to everyone, it’s not about telling our ecosystems and the species within them to simply adapt due to our wants and needs. The world will continue to evolve, yes this is true. But why would we force it to do that? by doing so, we are taking away the option of natural homeostasis and telling nature to go find a way to mend our ever prominent damage we cause. We need to change. Not the environment at out expense.

Article My Village Biodiversity: Documentation of Western Ghats Biod...

Article Geospatial analysis of forest fragmentation in Uttara Kannad...

Yes, biodiversity is the key source for

1) healthy ecosystems, clean water, purified air, fertile soil, regulated climate, recycled nutrients and healthy food. 2) raw materials and resources for medicines and other purposes. 3) the foundation of all civilization and sustain our economies. * It's that simple: we could not live without these “ecosystem services”. They are what we call our natural capital for us and for future generations.

Maintaining high levels of biodiversity is insurance against the impacts of changing environmental conditions.

Biodiversity enhances ecosystem functioning under stressful environmental conditions in relative, but not in absolute, terms.

Along with biodiversity, abiotic parameters need to be conserved and maintained

Exactly so, I agree with Dr A. Mitra. Biotic and abiotic components are deeply correlated and forget not the elemental cycling in nature in which biotic elements becomes abiotic and abiotic becomes biotics.Hence both are to be considered.

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,

I suggest continuing the discussion on the following topic:

The protection of the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity is a key challenge of the 21st century.

The above discussion inspired me to formulate the following question:

Is the protection of the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity a key challenge of the 21st century in the 21st century?

On the basis of the above considerations and conclusions from the discussion on the discussed issues of interest, I formulated the following thesis that in connection with the increasing pollution of the natural environment, the global warming process which is progressing more rapidly, the mass extinction of many species of flora and fauna, etc., the protection of the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity is a key challenge of the 21st century. Below I have described the key determinants confirming the formulated research thesis. To the above discussion, I would like to add the following conclusion formulated as a summary of my previous considerations on this topic: The urgent need to increase investment and improve systems for protecting the earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity.

Answering the above question, I conclude that one of the most important challenges for humanity in the 21st century is the protection of the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity. Biodiversity of the Earth's biosphere is therefore very important, because if we do not take care of it, we can soon lead to the destruction of civilization. Maintaining the biodiversity of the Earth's biosphere is a key challenge for humanity in the 21st century. If humanity does not protect biodiversity from negative factors of civilization development, the deepening imbalance in nature will lead to crossing the critical point of this imbalance, after which crossing will no longer be possible to return to balance and the destruction of many life forms, including people, may be inevitable already XXII century. Exceeding this critical point of balance in nature may appear in a dozen or so years if the acceleration rate of the global warming process is still as fast as in recent years. so there is little time left for humanity to realize how important it is to protect the biodiversity of the earth's biosphere and how quickly the necessary ecological reforms should be carried out. The strong increase in forest fires in various climate zones of the planet Earth recorded in 2019 is a serious warning signal for humanity.

This is a kind of SOS signal sent by Earth's nature towards man, that the development of civilization with the negative effects of this development is approaching the critical point of imbalance in nature. After exceeding this critical point, it will no longer be possible to stop the global warming process that is accelerating and the destruction of most of the Earth's biosphere at the end of the 21st century will become a reality. Time is running out. In this connection, the key question arises: what should a man do regarding the implementation of the principles of sustainable ecological development in the coming years? How to protect the Earth's biosphere, natural biodiversity and thus also humanity against destruction, against climate armageddon at the end of the 21st century? The next several years is the last moment to carry out the necessary ecological reforms to avoid a chain reaction of increasing climatic disasters and limit the scale of environmental pollution and protect most of the remaining biosphere, biodiversity from irreversible degradation.

Therefore, humanity should reduce greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, develop energy based on renewable energy sources, electromobility, organic farming, sorting garbage, recycling, etc. It is necessary to implement the principles of sustainable ecological development as soon as possible in accordance with the green economy philosophy and ecological financing reforms from green finance sources. Time is short. It is not certain that humanity will completely reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050. It is also not certain that if humanity succeeds, the global warming process will cease to deepen. However, implementing the principles of sustainable pro-ecological development is a necessity and the biggest challenge in the 21st century.

In line with the above, in my opinion, due to the increasing pollution of the natural environment, the global warming process that is progressing faster and faster, the mass extinction of many species of flora and fauna, etc., the protection of the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity is a key challenge of the 21st century.

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

In view of the above, I am asking you the following questions:

- Is the protection of the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity a key challenge of the 21st century in the 21st century?

- How should the effectiveness of processes and systems for protecting the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity be increased?

- How should processes and systems for protecting the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity be improved as an important element of implemented ecological reforms and implementation of the principles of sustainable ecological development implemented according to the concept of green economy?

- What measures are being taken in your countries to protect the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity?

- Are the activities undertaken in your countries under the protection of the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity sufficient in society's assessment?

- Is there an urgent need to increase investment and improve systems for protecting the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity?

- Is the global warming process, the mass extinction of many species of flora and fauna, etc. due to the increasing pollution of the natural environment, the process of rapidly increasing global warming, the protection of the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity a key challenge of the 21st century?

- How should the environment protection policy be developed?

- What do you think about this topic?

- What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply.

I invite you to discussion.

Thank you very much.

Best wishes.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Everything is interrelated in nature. If you stop polluting, the biodiversity will be conserved. If you stop applying pesticides, biodiversity will be conserved and so on....

It is therefore needed to control the human through ethical means, the nature will automatically conserved.

This is my opinion.

But there are many... Better management and extension of the existing reserves through reafforestation could lower extinction rates of the indigenous and/or endemic plant and animal species.... Erdelen, W. (1988). Forest ecosystems and nature conservation in Sri Lanka. Biological Conservation, 43(2), 115-135.

difficult ethical issues that surround utilisation and conservation of biodiversity …Turner, R. K., Button, K., & Nijkamp, P. (1999). Ecosystems and Nature. Edward Elgar Publishing.

climate-sensitivity of some plant and animal species ... de Groot, R. S., & Ketner, P. (1994). Sensitivity of NW European species and ecosystems to climate change and some implications for nature conservation and management. Impacts of climate change on ecosystems and species: implications for protected areas. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), 29-53.

Dear D A Gayan Nayanajith,

Thank you for the information provided and the link to interesting data in the above-mentioned issues. Your perspective on this issue is interesting and very accurate. I agree with your opinion on this topic. Thank you very much for the given bibliographic sources and participation in the discussion. Thank you very much for participating in this discussion and providing inspiring and informative answers to the above question: Is the conservation of biodiversity of entire biological ecosystems the key issue of nature conservation? This discussion confirms the importance of the above-mentioned issues and the legitimacy of developing scientific research on the topic nature conservation.

The above discussion confirms that the importance of the issue nature conservation has been growing in recent years.

Thank you very much and best regards, Have a nice day,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Also should include conserving habitat, preventing deforestation, halting species extinction, reducing overfishing and mitigating climate change.

La dynamique régressive des formations végétales s’opère partout. Ce qui a induit l'érosion de la biodiversité. les changements sont globaux et pas uniquement d'ordre climatique.

Dear Sule Akkoyunlu, I fully agree with you that as part of improving the systems of nature protection and biodiversity of natural ecosystems, it is also necessary to improve the systems of protecting natural habitats, preventing deforestation, stopping extinction of species, limiting overfishing, mitigating climate change, etc. All these activities are important elements of implementing the principles sustainable development, social environmental (ecological) responsibility, green reforms and ecological transformation of the economy, etc.

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Amal Hassina Smaihi,

Yes, I agree that soil erosion contributes to the decline in the biodiversity of ecosystems in various climatic, geographic and natural environments. The main factors of soil erosion include intensive production agriculture, degradation of areas through the development of heavy and mining industries, drainage of areas, deforestation of areas, climate change, etc. Limiting the erosion of green is one of the important factors in implementing the principles of sustainable development, social environmental (ecological) responsibility, pro-ecological reforms of implementing eco-innovations in economic processes, etc.

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The best strategy for the long-term protection of biological diversity is considered in situ, that is, the conservation of natural communities and populations in the wild. Only here can the process of evolutionary adaptation to a changing environment take place. It is necessary to preserve ecosystems and natural habitats, as well as maintain and restore viable populations of species in their natural environment. Particular attention is paid to the preservation of the structure of relationships in the habitats of species. It makes sense to preserve domesticated or cultivated forms in the environment in which they acquired their distinctive features.

Protecting habitats containing healthy, intact biological communities is the most effective way to conserve complete biological diversity. It can even be considered that this is the only way to preserve species, because the resources and knowledge at our disposal are sufficient only to save only a small part of the world's fauna in captivity. There are four means of preserving biological communities: organization of protected areas, effective management of these areas, implementation of conservation methods outside protected areas, and restoration of biological communities in a destroyed habitat.

Biological communities differ greatly in the degree of human damage. Very few intact; they can be found on the ocean floor or in remote parts of the Amazon rainforest. And we find communities heavily disturbed by human activity in agricultural lands, in cities and in artificial ponds. But even in the most remote parts of the world, the influence of human activity makes itself felt by an increase in carbon dioxide levels, chemical pollution, the collection of valuable natural raw materials, and vice versa, even in the most human-modified areas, you can find the remains of intact flora and fauna. Intermediate disturbance habitats are of the greatest interest for conservation biology because they occupy very large areas. Significant biological diversity can be conserved in tropical forests where selective felling of trees is carried out, in seas and oceans with active fishing regimes, and in pastures with intensive grazing of livestock [Redford, 1992]. When organizing a reserve, it is important to find a reasonable compromise between the requirements for the protection of biological diversity and the normal functioning of the ecosystem and the solution of medium and long-term tasks of providing resources to the local population and the national government.

Regards, Sergey Viktorovich Pushkin

Dear Sergey Viktorovich Pushkin, I fully agree with you that it is imperative to preserve ecosystems and natural habitats, and to maintain and restore viable populations of species in their natural habitat. I confirm that the protection of habitats containing healthy, intact biological communities is the most effective way to preserve full biological diversity. In my opinion, all ways of preserving biological communities should be developed: organization of protected areas, effective management of these areas, implementation of protection methods outside protected areas and the restoration of biological communities in a destroyed habitat. Yes, I also believe that even in the remotest parts of the world, the impact of human activity is felt through the rise in carbon dioxide levels, chemical pollution, the accumulation of valuable natural resources and vice versa, even in the most man-modified areas. I fully confirm the thesis that significant biodiversity can be preserved in tropical forests where selective logging is carried out, in seas and oceans with active fishing regimes and in pastures with intensive grazing of livestock. I also believe that when organizing the reserve, it is important to find a reasonable compromise between the requirements of biodiversity protection and the normal functioning of the ecosystem, and the solution of medium- and long-term tasks of providing resources for the local population and government. In conclusion, I fully confirm your theses and fully agree with your opinion on the issues of biodiversity protection, nature protection, and the biosphere of the planet Earth. All the above-mentioned elements of the systemic protection of biodiversity are an important factor in the implementation of the principles of sustainable development, social environmental (ecological) responsibility, etc. Protection of biodiversity, nature protection, and the biosphere of the planet Earth is also an important element of the pro-ecological transformation of the traditional brown economy into a sustainable green economy / circular economy. I described this issue in more detail in my publication (on the issue of SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT determinants analyzed in the context of THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF CLASSIC, BROWN ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY / CIRCULAR ECONOMY), which I posted in August 2020 on the Research Gate portal. I invite you to research cooperation in this area. Best wishes, All the best, Stay healthy!

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Sim, concordo plenamente. Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Mila Ilieva

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Alexsande Oliveira Franco, Thank you for participating in the discussion. I am glad that you share my view on this issue.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Dariusz Prokopowicz

Your question is excellent and interesting

As I am IUCN Red List Global Assessor and foucus in studying plant species that are on the verge of extinction, and I have undertaken many programs to protect biological diversity both inside or outside the site, I assure you that the collapse of one species may lead to the destruction of the whole system and thus its protection will support the survival of the entire system. Many precautions and programs are done on the ground, but unfortunately, the speed of destruction is higher than the speed of recovery. The protection of biological diversity is the responsibility of individuals, governments, institutions and nations

Dear Karim Omar,

Thank you very much for your participation in our discussion. Yes, you drew attention to the important issues of the discussed issue of the need to improve and increase the scale of nature protection. You added important issues to our discussion confirming the need to protect both individual species of flora, fauna and other life forms, as well as entire natural ecosystems. Yes, I agree with you that protecting biodiversity is the responsibility of individuals, governments, institutions, businesses and other organizations, etc.

Best regards, Have a nice day, Stay healthy!

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Thanks for all answers,

I think that the problematics of conservation is significantly releated to eco citizen. If manager, conservator and scientists oriented efforts to sensibilizing persons. This solution Can reducing ecosystems and species destruction.

As said by Omar : The protection of biological diversity is the responsibility of individuals, governments, institutions and nations

Dear Bara Mouslim,

You have highlighted an important issue of nature conservation. Scientists and researchers should raise the awareness of citizens about the need to protect nature, protect the natural environment, protect the biodiversity of natural ecosystems, and protect the entire biosphere and climate of planet Earth. Yes, all citizens are responsible for nature protection to a certain extent, within the scope of certain possibilities.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Improving systems and instruments for the protection of biodiversity of natural ecosystems is one of the important factors in the development of systems and pro-ecological activities whose mission is to protect the biosphere and climate of the planet Earth. In addition, the protection of biodiversity of natural ecosystems should be a key, strategic goal of environmental policies and pro-ecological transformation processes of the classic economy to a sustainable, green circular economy. However, the question still remains valid: How can the processes of the aforementioned pro-environmental transformation of the economy be significantly accelerated, as well as increase expenditures and improve instruments for the protection of biodiversity of natural ecosystems, nature protection, as well as protection of the biosphere and climate of the planet Earth?

Thank you, Greetings, Have a nice day, Stay healthy!

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The protection of biodiversity of natural ecosystems should cover not only natural terrestrial ecosystems but also marine and oceanic ecosystems. Due to the increasing temperature and acidification of the water in the seas and oceans, the composition of flora and fauna is changing, biodiversity is poorer, and the coral reefs that have formed in the seas and oceans for millions of years are dying out. It is necessary to increase the scale and effectiveness of international cooperation in the field of improvement of biodiversity protection systems of natural ecosystems, both terrestrial, marine and oceanic.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear R. T. Corlett,

Yes. Thanks for your reply. You pointed to the significant relations between the evolution of individual species and / or the impact of changes in living conditions in a specific environment of the climatic, geological, etc. environment, and the change in the biodiversity status of entire natural ecosystems.

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Dalveer Singh Somal,

Yes. You indicated the key sources of biodiversity degradation and decline in natural ecosystems. Deforestation should not be implemented in order to protect the biodiversity of natural ecosystems.

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Nature protection, protection of natural environments and protection of biodiversity of natural ecosystems are interrelated. It is important that they are well systemically linked, taking into account the high level of efficiency of nature protection and biodiversity systems as an important element of environmental policy.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The protection of biodiversity of natural ecosystems is an important element of the systemic protection of nature, the entire biosphere and climate of the planet. Therefore, the implementation of pro-environmental sustainable development goals; carrying out a pro-environmental transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of surplus to a sustainable, green, zero-emission economy of zero growth and a circular economy; development of environmental education; increasing the pro-environmental awareness of citizens, etc., are important factors contributing to the increase in the scale of nature protection, the entire biosphere and climate of the planet. I hope that during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic, the scale of pro-environmental awareness of citizens increased.

What do you think about it?

Please reply,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Regards,

Dariusz

Conservation of entire ecosystem is not possible since agriculture itself has brought great changes in the biosphere which can not be turned back. At least, our political system should ensure recycle the artificial materials, e.g. plastic and electronic wastes which are degenerating the entire system.

Dear Prabhat,

Yes. The development of civilization has contributed to a significant degradation of natural ecosystems, a decrease in biodiversity, deforestation, increased pollution of the natural environment, adverse climate changes, etc. However, in order to protect the biosphere and climate against even greater, many times degradation that may occur in the 21st century, it is necessary to urgently conduct a pro-environmental transformation of the economy. As part of the pro-environmental transformation of the economy, it is necessary to develop emission-free renewable energy, develop afforestation programs, develop pro-environmental farming, ecological crop production, develop sustainable industry, improve waste segregation and recycling systems, reduce the level of pollution of the natural environment with plastic waste and replace plastic with biodegradable substitutes. We know what to do in order to carry out a pro-environmental transformation of the economy. However, the level of the general social pro-environmental awareness of citizens is still low. There is still a lack of a sound long-term environmental policy strategy and political will for the development of pro-environmental economic ventures, large-scale implementation of energy eco-innovations and green technologies.

Thank you,

Regards,

Dariusz