yes but in persian gulf!

You mean Persian Gulf

Well ... to make it simple: There is no correlation between the amount of calcareous remains and the source of O&G, i.e., organic matter derived from mostly non-shelly organisms.

Dear Muqdad

Your question is a little bit odd, which is normal for non-geologist communities, your geographic information also needs to be correceted.

The Persian Gulf, right now is a foreland basin, which is formed as a result of collision between Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates, however during Cretaceous period it was a passive margin, suitable for formation of carbonate rocks in its shallow part and rich source rocks of organic matter in its deep basin which has experienced anoxic to disoxic condition that favoured preservation of organic matter, the Organic matter which is derived from differen sources, zooplanktons and phytoplanktons with sporopollenin wall, and organisms which their soft body formed of organic matter, such as soft body of diatoms with silicic wall ( these organisms when they bloom create millions of cell body in sea water and they bloom several times in the year now calculate what would be the amount in millions of years) plus spores and pollens and organic parts of plants derived from terrestrial sources during millions of years make it really huge amount, remember the Quaternary period in which human resides, is about only 2 Million years ( though some sources relate mankind on earth back to over six million years) in comparison only to Cretaceous period which is about 79 million years. The oil derived from these organic sources immigrate to reservoir rocks such as carbonate rocks and preserved there if structural, stratigraphical traps, and well developed cap rocks are formed.

I must add source and reservoir rocks in different parts of the Middle East are of different ages.

I hope I could have helped solving the enigma.

With my best regards

10 challenges to the theory of the organic origin of oil

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The theory of the organic origin of oil says that oil is the result of the deposition and decomposition of the remains of ancient organisms that were exposed to heat and high pressure under the depths of the Earth's surface, although this theory is the best and most rational to explain the origin of oil compared to the inorganic theory, which assumes that certain chemical reactions between inorganic substances produced oil, however, the organic theory :-

1-why most oil fields lack fossil fossils that prove the existence of life in them

2-Why are some of the consumed reservoirs in the Arab region refilling themselves with oil again and from below

3-Why is the oil in each region different from the other if we assume that its origin is the same

4-Why is there Rare Oil at great depths under the Earth's surface whose origin is not known

5-Why are there oil reservoirs in the form of long lines and arcs Why are these organisms deposited in such a strange way

6-How do we consider that oil is of organic origin if oil ores were discovered in meteorites and planets of the solar system where life did not appear there at all

7 - if we recognize that the origin of oil is the remains of living organisms, why does the accumulation of oil in the Middle East and other regions completely contradict the map of the distribution of life on Earth and the resulting fossils, which are supposed to be a source of oil, gas and coal

8-is the amount of fossilized living organisms in the Arabian Gulf, the Middle East and other regions at all sufficient to form such a huge volume of oil and gas reserves

9 - 90 % of most life on Earth consists of water and 10% of hydrocarbons, so can this limited amount of carbohydrates, even if completely converted to fossil fuels, achieve such a large amount of oil that has been flowing for more than a century

10-despite the emergence of theories that predict the decline of oil reserves in the Eighties of this century as a result of production and consumption, why today the huge discovered reserves contradict these forecasts Does this mean that the oil flow is still continuing

The third view of the formation of oil is embodied in the cosmological theory that oil is a component

Dear Muqdad

My responses to these challenges:

1- Oil fields does not lack fossils, on the contrary there are abundant fossils come from cuttings coming with drilling muds, these fossils help paleontologist estimate the depth of drilling by determining relative age of them, the organic matter itself in the source rocks contains macerals which are studied both under microscope as well as with chromatography, the geopolymers such as sterain is used as biomarker for oil fingerprinting and determining the origin of oil from terrestrial or marine biota, thus these biomarkers certify that the origin of oil is from biotic resources, undoubtedly.

2- this one can be best answered by petroleum engineers; however this is my assumption:

Oil extraction works with pressure of the system they are trapped in, when this pressure diminishes oil stops from extracting normally, also in many reservoirs gas is trapped together with oil, this gas is created mostly as a result of thermal cracking of long chains of large hydrocarbons, when the oil systems confronts pressure drop, releasing of the gas from nearby resourses may compensate the drop in the pressure and the remaining oil may become extractable again. This may look like as the oil is refilling itself. But every thing is there just the pressure drop is compensated.

3- as I mentioned in my previous email the organic matters are from different resources some are from fresh water resources they make Kerogen type I, Some feom marine resources together with Sulfur, they make Kerogen type II, some from plant resources they make kerogen type III, the oil produced from different Kerogens produce different type of oil, Kerogen III is gas producer.

4- Oil can be found at different depth until it is within oil temperature window, oil under high pressure & temperature will be cracked to produce gas this happens in deep burials, time is also important factor, enough time should elaps in order to the oil entirely turns into gas, however some basins during their burial history are uplifted tectonically and then buried to great depth so they did not experience enough time to turn completely into gas, this is probably why rare oils can be found at great depth.

5- again as I mentioned in my previous email, the oil after production migrates into its reservoirs, the Ideal reservoir are structurally anticlines (arc shape) such as the ones in Zagros mountain, so oil that formed in a different place, which is mostly reflecting deep marine systems, migrates to its ideal reservoir.

6- oil can have bacterial origin as well, like those sources in the world from Neoprotozoic era, at that time there was not multi-cellular organisms, this can be the case for meteorites and other plants, of course this is the first time I hear there are such oils.

7- Oil migration answers this challenge too.

8- is answered in my previous response: million years of phytoplankton mass production

9- water you mention is external and called hydrosphere, however oil are buried in earth crustal lithosphere which are kilometers thick and expanded, so there existed huge capacity for oil to be acuumulated during millions of years.

10- Oil has both conventional and unconventional resources, during the eighties conventional sources were more acknowledged by experts, however as oil industry modernized unconventional resourced such as oil extractable from deep marine resources were explored discovered and exploited by modern equipment, therefore the assumption for oil capacity worldwide is fluctuating by time.