Based on the compilation of experimental data and modeling studies, we can guess that about 20% of the ozone layer was depleted.

Dear Ravinal Praksh,

Please have a look at these links.

Article Ozone depletion and climate change: Impacts on UV radiation

Conference Paper Ozone Depletion-A Warning of Global Warming

https://esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/2006/chapters/Q18.pdf

http://www.imedpub.com/articles/Ozone%20Layer%20Depletion%20and%20Climate%20Change%20in%20Nigeria%20-%20Problems%20and%20Prospects:%20A%20Review..pdf

https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/1998/faq9.html

Good luck!

There has to be some relationship between ozone layer depletion & climate change.

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With the best wishes

Mr Rezaei Ahvanooei.

Ken,

I would recommend consulting the comprehensive study by Harris et al. (2015): "Past Changes in the Vertical Distribution of Ozone - Part 3: Analysis and Interpretation of Trends", published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9965-9982. The text is available on the web at the following address:

https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/9965/2015/acp-15-9965-2015.pdf

I use comments. Thanks

With the best wishes

Mr Rezaei Ahvanooei.

Ken, thanks for your comment.

The period 1979-1997 was the most critical for the evolution of the ozone field as it coincided with the maximum Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine (EESC)

https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/eesc_SH.html

in the stratosphere. Trends at different altitudes are provided in figs. 3 and 4 of Harris et al. (2015); the results are quite consistent with those mentioned in your note.

With regard to the current trend, it is clear that recent regulations are one of the main reasons for the recovery of ozone in the upper parts of the atmosphere.

Most available sources indicate that depletion of the ozone layer is not the main cause of climate change, although some climate disturbances are observed in the southern hemisphere. The brief overview of this problem is presented in the note prepared by NOAA:

https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/2014/twentyquestions/Q18.pdf

All elements of the link between ozone and lower tropospheric circulation are not fully understood, as indicated by the following quote:

“The severe springtime ozone depletion over the Antarctic leads to a strong cooling of the polar lower stratosphere persisting into early summer. This increases the temperature contrast between the tropics and the polar region, which strengthens stratospheric winds. For reasons that are not well understood but are consistently reproduced in models, this leads to a poleward shift of tropospheric circulation features including the tropical Hadley cell (which determines the location of the subtropical dry zones) and the midlatitude jet (which is associated with weather systems)”

Future research should address both the chemical kinetics of ozone and its coupling to radiative transfer and dynamic processes in the atmosphere.

Ken, Thank you for the references; the results shown in your comment are certainly interesting. The data depicted in Fig. 2 from Langematz et al. (2016): “Antarctic ozone depletion between 1960 and 1980 in observations and chemistry–climate model simulations”

https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/15619/2016/acp-16-15619-2016.pdf

seems to indicate the systematic depletion of ozone in Antarctica between 1960 and 2000. The problem is perhaps specific to the region of the polar vortex? I also think that we need a more advanced representation of the size resolved aerosol dynamics (for heterogeneous phase chemistry) in order to better explain the observed time series for the stratospheric ozone.

Some these information article be useful

www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/98263/E71230.pdf

Article Global Change: Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Warming, and Public Health

Article Can ozone depletion and global warming interact to produce r...

I use comments. Thanks

With the best wishes

Mr Rezaei Ahvanooei.

Stratospheric Ozone layer thinning is a seasonal phenomenon, sensation of by calling it Ozone hole & depletion. The 1998 Montreal protocol blaned it on CFCs which were banned. But no change in the cyclic and seasonal thinning.

The most thinning occurs over polar regions where no humans live and with industrial source of CFCs.

Ken, thanks for very useful hints.

Research on stratospheric ozone involves dynamics and chemistry. Personally, I am inclined to believe that the kinematics of mixing and filamentation of tracers contain the answers to the ozone puzzle. The systematic exploration of the interaction of tracer filamentation with nonlinear chemistry is still as necessary as it was in the early 1990s. I’m planning to perform a new calculation using the model designed to handle correctly the interaction between mixing and chemistry.

For the very interesting story that shows the ozone problem in the general perspective, I would like to recommend the Nobel Lecture by Prof. Crutzen:

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/crutzen/lecture/

Ken, Thanks for the information, I will consider these facts in the evaluation of my calculations. The problem of stratospheric ozone, however, remains controversial. According to the latest information from ETH:

“The vital ozone layer has continued to deplete in recent years over the densely populated mid-latitudes and tropics, while it is recovering at the poles. This is documented by an international research team in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics”

https://www.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2018/02/decline-stratospheric-ozone.html

Ken, thanks again for presenting this challenging data. After analyzing the problem, I think that the rise in stratospheric ozone between 1963 and 1970 is linked to the 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), which excludes nuclear tests in all global environmental areas except the subsurface.

According to Johnston et al. (1973): “Effect of nuclear explosions on stratospheric nitric oxide and ozone”: “There appears to be a real (about 5%) increase of ozone over the period 1963–1970; any other trends appear to be lost in fluctuations of the data and to be unobtainable because of the few ozone‐observing stations before 1957. The increase in ozone during 1963–1970 is roughly parallel to the decrease of bomb‐produced 90Sr and thus bomb‐produced NO; hence this increase of ozone may be due to the stratosphere's returning to normal after the nitric oxide injections by the nuclear bomb tests of 1952–1962”

https://doi.org/10.1029/JC078i027p06107

Ken.

Can you provide the source of global Ozone time series that you mention.

It will be used by my PhD student Salma for ARIMA cyclic modeling and prediction.

Many thanks.

All chemicals released in the stratosphere and / or transported to high altitudes are important. We should also consider new chemical species that contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. According to Perkins (2017):

“Industrial emissions of a chemical commonly used in solvents, paint removers, and the production of pharmaceuticals have doubled in the past few years, researchers have found, which could slow the healing of the ozone layer over Antarctica anywhere between 5 and 30 years—or even longer if levels continue to rise”

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/06/new-threat-ozone-layer-found

Today's ozone depletion is confirmed in the recent study published in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

https://www.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2018/02/decline-stratospheric-ozone.html

Ken, The reference value of the stratospheric ozone for the natural atmosphere should be calculated taking into account the solar wind and the earth's magnetic field. Surprisingly, finding such data is difficult, and to answer your question we need to do some calculations. It looks like an interesting project for this weekend.

It is more important the influence of the greenhouse efect on the ozone layer. Less temperature in the high atmosphere promote the existence of stratospheric polar clouds, and with them, the ozone depletion.