Mr. Alqahtani

i would only make a reference that I was adapting the methodology used by ….., paper …… but wouldn’t include any translation.

Thanks, Mr. Simon!

Could please explain your answer again?

Translation is always a problem for reliability, as even with a good cultural understanding the rephrasing of certain questions may affect the outcome, compared to the original language.

Whether a previous version was thoroughly tested or not, YOUR survey's validity may rely on how well YOU tested it. If it doesn't really matter, then there is no issue or need to do anything. The fact that you ask the question implies that you really do know that further testing for reliability in the translated survey is necessary.

Thank you, Dr. Cooke!

"Translation is always a problem for reliability, as even with a good cultural understanding the rephrasing of certain questions may affect the outcome, compared to the original language." Is there a reference supporting your thought?

I have my defense coming up and I expect such a question. So, it would be better to support my answer with a reference.

Thanks again for your assistance!

Saleh Alqahtani , I don't have a reference at hand, other than decades of experience in multicultural and multilingual work and learning environments. I myself am somewhat multilingual and have encountered the significant difference between translation and transliteration very often. There are certainly other papers/research out there on the problems of accurate translations - especially now with "AI" engines being used for much of it.

Here are a few that I found:

https://www.strategiesinlanguagelearning.com/translation-challenges/

Article On Translation Obstacles of Metaphorical Language

https://www.translateday.com/translation-problems-and-solutions/

Steven Cooke, Thank you so much for your input!