We have prepared a nano material in the form of suspensions. Now we are looking for the characterization. Please suggest that, is it possible to study the powder x-ray diffraction for suspensions?
Surely. When determining crystallite presence (none = fluticasone dissolved was the desired & obtained result) in solid lipid nanoparticles, we made a suspension of these in xantan gum. But you must be prepared for long expositions :) so something like MetalJet with Vantec should be recommended :) (I used common fine-focus tube and LynxEye - this detector is pretty good stuff also, but sealed tube is nowadays somewhat disastrous source :D).
We were doing our measurements in summer (I know when I call the temperature about 40 °C "like in hell" some of you will be smiling, but such temperatures weren't here 30 years before - we used to have only several days above 30 °C during the year - and now it is "normal") and the exposition needed was so long that the sample sometimes literally vanished from the holder because of xantan gum dehydration :)
Raveendra! Post some literature references to your sample material when convenient. What are the size periodicity that you would expect to see in this "Nano" material? Certainly post diffractograms once you have them.
XRD is definitely the way to go for unequivocal answers but using a 2D spatially resolved detector! Laue transmission mode and some dental film, would do the trick, combined with a scanner :-)
SAXS is an excellent recommendation for deconvoluting both size and distribution of periodicity in the particulate range! For suspended Nano particles as in your case, an excellent general X-Ray-ted Lecture by Mauro Sardela of MRL! Featuring Paris Hilton in the bare reciprocal space :-)
"If you find smoke in the reciprocal space then you'll find the cigar in real space" - paraphrasing Andre' Guinier.
Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) will give you information at low-angles i.e. long distances (if you use a diluted solution you can get size and EVEN the shape of your particles). However you asked for "powder x-ray diffraction" so I think you probably are interested in short-distances information (i.e. inter-atomic distances) and diffraction peak related to cristallographic planes IN your particles.
My answer is, as far as I am concerned, "YES, you can". Use a low-absorption solvent, a tiny capillary and a long integration time, providing your particles are stable. Do all your corrections for sample absorption but at zero-order approximation you can simply subtract the spectrum of your solvent from the spectrum of your suspension. you should get something similar to the X-Ray diffraction of your suspended particles.