Temperary hardness of water can be removed by single distillation. Organic impurities can be removed by double distillation using basic potassium permanganate mixture. I have a question that what about permanent hardness causing elements. However we are claiming that the resulting water is deionized water.
Probably we have to remove that impurities by reverse osmosis or electroporosis.
yes you are right use reverse osmosis or other related techniques for permanent hardness removal
You can remove the permanent hardness via distillation. The calcium and magnesium salts are not volatile, will be in the distillation residue. The temporary hardness (hardness caused by hydrocarbonates) can be removed with simple boiling without distillation, because hydrocarbonates will transform into insoluble carbonates (scale formation).
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