Macro scale observation says that there is an air gap needed to expose the treat material to plasma. Why would air gap needed for the material which have high meshing and porosity for example textiles etc
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From my experience with surface treatment using plasma jets, I would say that it depends on the working gas you are using to feed your plasma device (of course, the way the plasma device works may be considered also).
- If you are using a noble gas (e.g. Ar/He) -> the gap is likely required (1)
- If you are N2 only -> maybe yes, maybe not (2)
- If you are using synthetic air or a gas mixture which can lead to production of reactive species in the plasma (like NO, OH, N2+, O2+, CO, ... ) -> no, the gap is not required (3)
If you take a look at the literature you will find that many researchers attribute changes in materials after atmospheric pressure plasma treatment to the presence of reactive species in it. Then:
(1) by using a noble gas the air gap is required to excite/produce such species through interaction between plasma and ambient air;
(2) N2 is an inert molecule then, in principle, is not reactive enough to produce the necessary surface modifications (alone at low temperature). But I am not sure about the reactivity of excited species;
(3) in this case, if your equipment is able to produce plasma using only air or a gas mixture, naturally the reactive species will be present on it, and you just need to optimize the operating parameters to get more reactive species and/or facilitate such species to be found in more reactive states.
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