In forestry systems, the stored carbon is that which is contained in the soil, forest floor, understory and tree layer. For example, in a newly established plantation, the stored carbon is one that can quantify at this time, while the carbon potential is one that might accumulate at the end of the production cycle.

Regarding your question I think is a natural process altered by anthropological activity.

In forestry systems, the stored carbon is that which is contained in the soil, forest floor, understory and tree layer. For example, in a newly established plantation, the stored carbon is one that can quantify at this time, while the carbon potential is one that might accumulate at the end of the production cycle.

Regarding your question I think is a natural process altered by anthropological activity.

Carbon sequestration means that carbon is held in storage rather than released to the atmosphere as CO2. If something is a carbon sink, more carbon is held in it than is released. If it is a carbon source, it is releasing more carbon than it is storing. Land management practices have an extreme effect on this. The soil is the greatest terrestrial carbon pool. It holds carbon in all forms from plant roots (biomass) to micro-organisms (biomass) to CO2 to polysaccharides either secreted from plants or microorganisms or resulting from the decomposition of dead plant or animal materials. Any removal or disturbance of either plant or soil resources releases CO2 into the atmosphere. The amount and type of disturbance and inherent characteristics of the ecosystem determine the extent to which these systems can recover their carbon storing capabilities and the time this will take. Organisms that grow larger and are longer lived tend to store more carbon and allow more accumulation in the underlying soil. Tilling or in any way moving soil releases the CO2 stored there, and chemicals that kill soil organisms deplete their ability to contribute carbon to the soil. 

Here is an IPCC explanation of the subject: http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/land_use/index.php?idp=3

Dear Sandeep,

Carbon sequestration refers to any natural or artificial process that transfers carbon dioxide from atmosphere to other carbon pools (such as forests or rang lands). The accumulation of carbon in any pool rather than atmosphere, is called carbon storage. Losing carbon from carbon pools whether it it natural or anthropogenic is called carbon emission. Hope you find your answer. 

@ Rodolfo,

Your answer is appreciable and recommendable

@ Wendy Peterman,

Thank you for your valuable answer and attachment

@ Hormoz Sohrabi,

Thank you

As Hormos  Sohrabi said, biological carbon sequestration potential is a natural process. What may create confusion is the dicussion about increasing the carbon stored in biological carbon pools, such as soil organic carbon, live and dead biomass. It is in systems studies trying to quantify how much carbon could be withdrawn from the atmosphere through such processes where terms such as those mentioned in the question may be important.

Biological carbon sequestration is and will remain a natural process, but human processes can, have and will severely alter the rates of natural processes.

So those terms that confuse you try to somehow capture how big the potential is for any biological carbon pool to act as a sink.

It is important to remember however that they are not infinite sinks (or sources), but equilibrium carbon pools. Any gain or loss of carbon can be reversed when management or ambient conditions change.

It is also important to note that the timescale of carbon sequestration is somewhat arbitrary and determined by the study period. For example, carbon sequestration may occur in a grassland over the course of a month to years as plant biomass, yet this C may be released as ecosystem respiration in coming years. In this same grassland, C sequestration may also eventually become soil organic/inorganic C and be stored for thousands of years before release. Both of these are C sequestration.

In the future the preferred sequestered C will be as SOC. Why...?

Biomass C has too many enemies: From men to microbiology, all the organisms want to destroy the biomass; even more, fires is always present in the Nature.

Consequently, please consider SOC the C truly sequestered; aboveground biomass, by definition, cannot stay too much time live..., beginning immediately the mineralization process (i. e., emission of CO2).

@ All, Thank you for your valuable contributions.

Dear Sandeep

Good, you are always active. Thanks. 

With biological system (mainly vegetation) it is natural however, chemical and engineering processes of carbon fixing from atmosphere is also the way. The biomass form of carbon sequestration is the most economical way for mitigation as per Stern Report. 

The accumulation potential is basically capacity of the system to store the carbon. 

Carbon cycle includes different pools exchanging carbon: fossil carbon reservoirs, atmosphere, vegetation, soil, etc. The mean residence time of carbon in each pool differs from few years in the atmosphere to decades in stemwood, centuries in some soil carbon fractions and to almost an infinite in fossile reservoirs and rocks. I define sequestration as the change of the carbon cycle towards an accumulation of carbon in a "slower" carbon pool(s) (e;g. soil)  at the expense of faster carbon pool (e.g. atmosphere). For such a transition, we can say that the slower pool has sequestered some carbon.  Fossil carbon can be included or excluded from the system.

It can be either natural of forced.

I would like to let you know all what exactly I understand from above discussion and answers from the peers i.e.,

1. Carbon accumulation means carbon storage in form of any biomass type and

carbon sequestration means keep safe carbon from mineralization or lower the mineralization rate (i.e. CO2 emission).

2. Carbon accumulation is natural in the form of biomass but carbon sequestration is either natural or forced (forced means sequestration occurred naturally but altered by anthropological activity).

Please let me know if I'm wrong or incorrect. Thank you

Regards

1. I think the phrase "carbon sequestration" was developed because people wanted to find practices (agricultural or other) that could increase the storage of carbon in the soil, and take it out of the atmosphere. However, I think further research has shown that this was not so easy......This because it seems like there is only a fixed amount in any one soil that can be kept almost inert ("safe"), the rest is lost quickly, increasing carbon input only helps a little bit.

2. Carbon is naturally both lost and gained all the time, the "net sequestration" is the difference between the two. It cannot be forced in other ways than encouraging gain and reduce losses. I think agricultural practies should primarily have other goals than storing carbon, but a very interesting question is if there will be a feedback between climate change and soil carbon, i.e. that increase in temperature will increase C loss and therefore further climate change.

@ Bente Foereid, thank you for your valuable answer.

Regard,