PMA and ionomycin, at optimal concentrations, should stimulate all antigen specific cells in a mixed population. A frequently overlooked problem with these agents is that they do not function through the T cell receptor. They are able to induce cytokines previously made by anergic T cells and therefore can give a spurious readout of cytokine production from antigen-specific cells. This is explained in: Gabrysova, L., et al. Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009) 206: 1755-1767
it depends on concentrations of PMA and ionomycin and type of cells duration of stimulation and type of protein transport inhibitor. it is not clear from your question
Cell are not stimulated by PMA/Ionomycin. Effector cells are antigen-specific and target cells that express the antigen. For one donor, there was a significantly higher level of IFNg detected, while it was about 1 quarter of the same values for another donor.
I would say yes; expression of cytokines is expected to be lower with target cell stimulation vs. PMA+ionomycin. The concentrations of PMA and ionomycin influence the degree of activation. However, PMA+ionomycin are powerful activation molecules that generate a very strong response at sufficient concentration. You may want to look at SEB, PHA, or CD3+CD28 stimulation as points of reference for the cell's ability to produce cytokine in different conditions.
PMA and ionomycin, at optimal concentrations, should stimulate all antigen specific cells in a mixed population. A frequently overlooked problem with these agents is that they do not function through the T cell receptor. They are able to induce cytokines previously made by anergic T cells and therefore can give a spurious readout of cytokine production from antigen-specific cells. This is explained in: Gabrysova, L., et al. Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009) 206: 1755-1767