There are several schools of foresight. Some limit themselves to describing possible futures, in particular for the information of corporate political leaders. Others opt for action-oriented thinking: the aim is to identify for decision-makers a certain number of elements on which they can act in order to steer the course of events towards what they want.
Forecasting is also a means of projecting into the future, but the timeframe is generally shorter than that of foresight. Forecasting is also a way of projecting into the future, but the timeframe is generally shorter than that of foresight. Furthermore, forecasting is usually based on the way things have developed in previous years in order to predict the years to come, whereas foresight will consider the possibility of breaking or accentuating weak trends that it has identified in the near past or the present.
In the articles below, you will find examples of foresight work based on the identification of issues. The target audience for this work is the members of a Board of Directors. The study identifies in some detail a number of specific points on which the evolution of things in the years to come may depend. It is then left to the decision-makers to take this into account in the "political" choices they will have to make.
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I would rather say that there are several schools of prospective analyses, foresight is one of those.
For a brief characterisation of the various approaches and methods of prospective analyses, as well as a more detailed introduction to foresight, see, e.g.,
Chapter The role of foresight in shaping the next production revolution
and
Article The Impact of Foresight on Innovation Policy-Making: Recent ...
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