Is ehtical clearance mandatory for research? As far as I understand where you have sensitive design and experiments or issues related to human and animals, there only you are required to go with ethical clearance. Not in other cases? Please put your comments!
Good evening dear Ph. D. Ethics must accompany the activity of any scientist, a special code is not needed to investigate in one or another area, ethics is what the scientist carries as an entity that carries moral values. Obviously, when carrying out experiments with humans, the principle of informed consent must be carefully taken into account. The patient must authorize any procedure related to his life. And when it comes to animals there are also codes that scientists have to abide by. That is what it is about, acting from moral values that ensure that the rights of the object of study will be taken into account by a subject aware of that reality.
In norway the Norwegian national research comittee has made some research guidelines.
I think this can help you in finding some answers.
https://www.etikkom.no/en/ethical-guidelines-for-research/
Even for social sciences, ethical issues are important. These include the documented consent of your respondents who take part in your research and permission for access-using official documents etc.
Who could mandate it? What constitutes a mandate? Do you mean does the law mandate it? Does a funding agency mandate it? These are empirical questions. Could you go to jail or be sued for doing research without review? Also empirical. Is it blameworthy to do research without it? That is a question about rights and obligation. Some of the answer may involve the topic of research. Some will depend on the methods used. The question needs sharpening.
Ithink some of researches related to human should be mandotory. For example, the intervention into the human genes
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