The composition of the fly-ash is most likely depend on the source. Please ask yourself first what could be the composition of the ash you have in hand. Based on this you will definitely get further interesting answers.
Fly ash is a very useful for a number of applications. For example, when its Fe and Al concentrations are high, it can be use for producing wastewater treatment coagulant. When its BET surface area is high, it can be used as a great sorbent in both air pollution control and wastewater treatment. In addition, high Fe containing fly ash can be used as water gas shift catalyst.
Siva, try looking at the ash from biomass boilers. There is a large amount produced in countries like Malaysia where Palm oil biomass is used as the fuel for both steam as well as power generation. If you can develop a use for it, it will quickly have commercial value.
I am agree with the answers you got here. I would like to include some more applications of fly ash i.e., as soil fertilizer and brick industry. Their application may more concentrated/cost effective by their classification on the basis of its constituent and source of fly ashes.
In Palm biomass there is some K content. Under good burning conditions, tests of the ash does indicate decent K values. And in such cases, the fine ash does command good prices. You are right, I have also seen low K vakues in the ash at times. But estates here will still pay for good quality ash. Is there some other nutrient present? Some minor sulphate content etc?