In my opinion as a student, Problem-based learning (PBL)is the best teaching method in a distance learning context (this would not apply to everyone as we all learn differently). Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching method in which complex real-world problems are used as the vehicle to promote student learning of concepts and principles. PBL can promote the development of critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and communication skills. It can also provide opportunities for working in groups, finding and evaluating research materials, and life-long learning and can be incorporated into any learning situation. PBL would help students get a clearer perspective of how things are done outside school environment.

Dear Prof Yacine Lafifi , one student variable that can determine the effectiveness of each approach is self-regulation [1], often correlating with skill level. Beginners can benefit from guided learning paths, especially if these are attractive with choices [2]. As Racheal Babajide mentioned, active learning methods such as PBL [3], play- [4] and game-based learning (GBL) [5] have maximum applicability as make students the protagonists of learning. Finally, free learning as exercised in Open Education and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) [6] are excellent for advanced, motivated learners with high self-regulation who wish to engage with a particular domain. What do you think?

[1] Pintrich, P. R. (2000). The Role of Goal-Orientation in Self-Regulated Learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of Self-Regulation (pp. 451–502). San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012109890- 2/50043-3

[2] Mystakidis, S. (2020). Distance Education Gamification in Social Virtual Reality: A Case Study on Student Engagement. In 11th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA 2020) (pp. 1–6). Piraeus, Greece, 15-17 July 2020: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IISA50023.2020.9284417

Conference Paper Distance Education Gamification in Social Virtual Reality: A...

[3] Mystakidis, S., & Berki, E. (2018). The Case of Literacy Motivation: Playful 3D Immersive Learning Environments and Problem-Focused Education for Blended Digital Storytelling. International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies, 13(1), 64–79. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJWLTT.2018010105

Article The Case of Literacy Motivation: Playful 3D Immersive Learni...

[4] Mystakidis, S. (2021). Combat Tanking in Education - The TANC Model for Playful Distance Learning in Social Virtual Reality. International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations, 13(4).

Article Combat Tanking in Education - The TANC Model for Playful Dis...

[5] Mystakidis, S., Cachafeiro, E., & Hatzilygeroudis, I. (2019). Enter the Serious E-scape Room: A Cost-Effective Serious Game Model for Deep and Meaningful E-learning. In 2019 10th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA) (pp. 1–6). Patras, 15-17 July 2019: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IISA.2019.8900673

Conference Paper Enter the Serious E-scape Room: A Cost-Effective Serious Gam...

[6] Mystakidis, S., Berki, E., & Valtanen, J.-P. (2017). Designing and Implementing a Big Open Online Course by Using a 3d Virtual Immersive Environment – Lessons Learned. In 9th Annual International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULEARN17) (pp. 8070–8079). Barcelona, 3-5 July 2017. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.0487

Conference Paper Designing and Implementing a Big Open Online Course by using...

PBL is the best.

IMO, most of the students are not mature and/or motivated enough to take full responsibility of their learning pace and direction (3rd approach).

At the same time Programmed approach might be considered by students as limitating and giving them not enough freeedom, independence and, as a result, motivation.

Problem-based learning sets an appropriate framework when:

1. There is a goal and the scope of work given

2. Timeframe is set (otherwise a student might put learning off indefinitely), probably best if some mid-term deadlines are also present.

3. Student decides the time (within the given scope), material, and method

4. Student is provided with enough knowledge about methods and materials

5. Student is provided with consultation options on demand (I don't mean 24/7, but within 1 working day)

In my Opinion

We cannot define a certain way.

I can use several methods in order to teach students a certain thing.

Experience and skills in solving a real problem and discussion to reach the best solution contribute to making the learner more suitable for the labor market

Because this is based on feedback between the teacher and the student according to the foundations set by the teacher

(The teacher plants a seed and nurtures it to grow stronger)

There is no “best” method of teaching. However, some methods do prove to be more effective than others. Many researchers today agree that including more student-centered learning approaches can improve learning.

Estimados RG:

El mejor método de los 3 presentados, sería el ABP; pero, debo agregar que también se debe considerar el Estudio de Casos y la Investigación In Situ, teniendo en cuenta principalmente que en estos 3 métodos, debemos considerar la contextualizacion local como primera motivación y luego proponerlos a nivel regional e internacional. Finalmente agregar, que cualquiera de estoss métodos deben evidenciarse en un producto académico o producto integrador o producto que evidencie el resultado de lo aplicado.

Thank you Denis Morales , Efrem Kentiba , Ameera Sh.weli Albayatey , Stylianos Mystakidis and Agnieszka Landowska , Stylianos Mystakidis for your valuable contributions

التعلم الحر

Thank you Wesam Sabeh for your answer

Dear teacher, technology has allowed rapid growth and adaptation, so the ABP stimulates self-learning and exercises the learning process with virtualized technology, which does not remove the need for virtual accompaniment of the teacher should always be.

Currently, there is a significant advancement in distance learning methodology (which is being greatly facilitated by the pandemic). I think the question from Yacine Lafifi is somewhat premature since the methodology has not yet been formed. Most likely, it will be formed in the context of the use of artificial intelligence, which will give rise to completely different educational technologies and methods.

dear colleague

It is well-known that every subject and subject has its own appropriate planning, preparation, means, activities, methods of teaching, and appropriate evaluation methods, and even differs from one student to another. It is better to give each student what suits him from all of what we have mentioned, and accordingly, it is preferable to diversify the teaching to suit the learner, the subject of the lesson. Thank you for your wonderful question.

Dear مسلم محمد جاسم

I thank you for your nice contribution. However, how can we measure this preference of teaching method for each student?

I believe that Problem-Based Learning is the best method of Online Learning. The most important aspect is to connect it to the specific professional organization.

dear colleague

Most of the modern teaching methods leave the learner the opportunity to choose his way to reach the educational goals determined by the teacher, one of the most important of these methods is differentiated teaching, for example, through which we classify learners into groups according to their learning speed, interests, and tendencies or according to their learning patterns (audio-visual-kinesthetic) or According to their multiple intelligence, according to tests conducted by the teacher, classifies his students and gives each group what they need according to their capabilities, speed, desire, and interest. Thank you very much

I agree with the other respondents. The more students are challenged and engaged the better the learning experience and retention. I suspect that the reason that the recent use of online education in k-12 has not succeeded, is that we have not mastered the teaching strategy for that age group.

problem based learning using Object based method of teaching will

be appropriate in this high modern days advance technology development

I'll recommend problem based learning (PBL). This method places task before the students along with the supervision of the teacher. This will to a great extent enable the students achieve self discovery in study and research and furthermore identify areas that has been less explored

Problem-based learning is indeed is much engaging and captivating for distance learning.

I agree with Vernon Czelusniak's opinion that problem-based learning is the best method of online learning. Indeed, the most important aspect is its linkage to a specific professional organization. This is quite difficult to do, but over time we will get positive results.

I think the best way to teach in a distance learning environment is to have students problem-based learning because students increase their willingness to learn in order to want to solve problems

I fully agree with you Chia-Ting Li , Halyna Smolnykova , John Nwokocha , John Nwokocha , Sitara Karim , Banjoko Moses Olusola . Thank you for your valuable contributions.

I think it depends on the subject/courses.

I will say it depends on the context with respect to the programme you teach and most importantly the students you teach. All three may ne able to work as stand alone methodology or in conjunction with each other.

Also agree with Mary Mae B. Vega

Problem based learning

Maybe could you read this : Article Problem-Based Learning: An Overview of its Process and Impac...

In my class I use guided learning for concepts used in problem-based learning. In my asynchronous class. I enhance problem-based learning through video and writtten discussions.

I've been using a type of PBL for my advanced technical writing classes, in addition to Labor-Based Grading contracts. This approach seems to work for graduate students and upper-level undergrads who are already in industries using technical writing documents.

En mi experiencia los tres métodos son los más apropiados para el aprendizaje a distancia, deben aplicarse en su conjunto porque cada uno de ellos se complementa mutuamente en el tiempo, en el momento y de acuerdo al interés de cada estudiante. Siendo que: “El aprendizaje es el proceso a través del cual se adquieren habilidades, conocimientos, conductas y valores. Esto como resultado del estudio, la experiencia, la instrucción, el razonamiento y la observación (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprendizaje). En ese sentido el aprendizaje basado en problemas permite con un ejemplo objetivo captar el interés del estudiante, la aplicación y el porqué de lo que se estudia. El aprendizaje programado permitirá diseñar las estrategias más apropiadas para desde ese problema planteado darle continuidad al tema de clase y desarrollarlo hasta saciar el interés del estudiante o del propio interés del docente por esa clase, ese tema de estudio. Para luego ir de la mano con una tarea de aprendizaje libre en donde al estudiante se le permite ampliar los conceptos que considere interesantes en el desarrollo del curso y su exposición para la siguiente clase, formando en el estudiante su auto aprendizaje. Por lo tanto, esos tres métodos se complementan para el desarrollo del aprendizaje a distancia

The he best methods in distance learning (asynchronous) are problem-based learning and learning through error. It is up to the teacher to question consecutively, order and center the student's thinking, teach by correcting and, if that is possible, get students to discuss ideas critically.

Good morning

The best one is PBL, but it depends of the course

Best regards

Ph.D. Ingrid del Valle García Carreño

Free Learning for sure

Free learning.

Problem based learning has been found to be more learners centered which also gives rooms for the simulation of real life challenges with learning concepts. It allows learners to participate more in teaching and learning process. Facilitators assistance may be required in developing skills needed for efficient learning.

Program learning entails the deployment of computers and software in passing instructions while free learning allows for high level of liberty for learners as to what they wish to learn the duration of learning the direction and methods.

In fulfilling the expectation of distance learning obtective, no size fits all. The category of learners you are dealing with considering their strength, maturity and limitations (among others ) goes a long way in selecting the most preffered teaching method.

Though the problem based learning is more preffered to others.

Thank you.

El mejor método de aprendizaje a distancia, es el aprendizaje basado en problemas, ya que le permite al estudiante aplicar todas sus habilidades aptitudes, actitudes y valores para desarrollar los aprendizajes. Si es a distancia, tiene la oportunidad de elegir métodos, estrategias y tiempos por él mismo, hasta dar solución al problema y alcanzar el aprendizaje.

El aprendizaje programado generalmente es guiado por un docente que organiza, aplica estrategias, implementa materiales y actividades a su consideración, para hacer llegar al alumno el aprendizaje de los contenidos de un programa de estudio ya establecido. Éste puede ir acompañado del autoestudio como complemento y reforzamiento del aprendizaje. Sin embargo, antes de introducirse a un conocimiento, se pueden enseñar estrategias de autoestudio a través de estrategias que el alumno pueda emplear para lograr un mejor aprendizaje significativo.

El autoestudio tiene una gran apretura al conocimiento por la misma persona, pero en muy pocas veces es exitoso para lograr aprendizajes porque se carece de estrategias funcionales, hábitos, organización, estimulación o motivación y distribucion de tiempos, etcetera. Son escasos los estudiantes que cuentan con estos elementos que los convierten en exitosos con el autoestudio.

Dear Prof. Yacine Lafifi, It is really an interesting question.

I agree with the Dr. مسلم محمد جاسم and colleagues who pointed out that each subject has its own planning, activities, teaching and assessment methods, in addition to the different levels of learners and their different learning styles.

Based on this, diversification of teaching methods is the best method, especially since there is no optimal method in teaching and learning.

Regards,

I think that the problem-based learning method is the best because it prepares the student for future life and encourages him to find qualitative solutions to traditional problems.

Dear Yacine Lafifi . See the following useful link: https://www.lucidchart.com/blog/best-practices-distance-learning

Kindly see also the following useful link: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1284&context=ciima

Also check please the following useful RG link: Article Applying Best Practice Online Learning, Teaching, and Suppor...

The following link is also very useful: https://my.chartered.college/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/MullerGoldenbergFEB21_FINAL-1.pdf

Visit kindly the following useful link: https://www.etsu.edu/cas/litlang/composition/documents/best-practices-in-online-teaching-strategies-membership.pdf