Here is the challenge, the countries that need those policy expansions are toiling with debt. Ultimately, the way out of pecuniary poverty is frugality of the people and honesty of the leaders. You might say, those are traits of the wealthiest countries (say Scandinavia). So, which way? The poorer countries need strong excitations (jolts) and we cannot design those moments of excitation. We are left with serendipity. Good news, the fourth industrial revolution is a wave that should allow honest (and cerebral) leaders surf their countries away from poverty - but serendipity must produce the leaders. This piece might help you ponder these effects: Preprint Transport and the Fourth Industrial Revolution

This is essentially a spending problem. The key is to engage the community is setting long term goals / standards by which they can measure the effectiveness of the programs. In the SmartRegions.US context, engaging and empowering the citizenry to set the context for the political process is critical.

Understanding the extent of existing support for any program is difficult as there are often many NGOs doing similar things and their efforts are never 'counted'. Setting the budget should include the community and corporate contributions as well as the grants from foundations etc. Only when you understand ALL that is being invested can there truly be a community-based budget. The Regional Monitor is one way this can be done and it ties directly into the efforts of the Smart City movement as well.

It is not easy but the duplication, waste and special interests have pushed the Status Quo far beyond the level of expenditures needed to address these problems. It is about collaboration, cooperation and common sense

Absolutely. Investment into Development for the long term is more important than balancing the budget!

Dear Fred Amonya, John Sanger, Md Nazirul Islam Sarker

Best regards, Have a nice day,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The paper argues that this requires rethinking social policy away from its conception as a residual category of safety nets that merely counteract policy failures or developmental disasters. Social policy should be conceived as involving overall and prior concerns with social development, and as a key instrument that works in tandem with economic policy to ensure equitable and socially sustainable development.... Mkandawire, T., & Unies, N. (2001). Social policy in a development context (Vol. 25). Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.

Social policy in advanced capitalist countries operates through state intervention to compensate for the inadequate welfare outcomes of the labour market. Such welfare regimes cannot easily be reproduced in poorer regions of the world where states suffer problems of governance and labour markets are imperfect and partial. Other welfare regimes therefore prevail involving non-state actors such as landlords, moneylenders and patrons... This book seeks to develop a conceptual framework for understanding different types of welfare regime in a range of countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa and makes an important contribution to the literature by breaking away from the traditional focus on Europe and North America... Gough, I., Wood, G., Barrientos, A., Bevan, P., Davis, P., & Room, G. (2008). Insecurity and welfare regimes in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Cambridge Books.

Authors question whether the European 'social investment' strategy is able to regenerate the welfare state, promote social inclusion, create more and better jobs, and help address the challenges posed by the economic crisis, globalisation, ageing and climate change... Morel, N., Palier, B., & Palme, J. (2012). Beyond the welfare state as we knew it. Towards a social investment welfare state, 1-30.

the changing role and approach of budget management reflect the shifting priority of governments in different policy contexts... In general, the promise to balance the budget is still regarded as a useful instrument to signal politicians’ inclination to pursue fiscal responsibility and elicit voters’ trust. On the other hand, voters’ support for a government depends on their perception of politicians’ ability to manage priorities in different contexts... Mou, H., & Lozano, M. (2019). Are the glory days of Balanced Budget Laws fading? A review of recent Canadian experience in budget management. In Canadian Economic Association conference, Banff, Alberta, May.

Dear D A Gayan Nayanajith, Dear colleague, I am very happy with our joint discussions. I am very pleased with the development of joint discussions on interesting topics in which we operate scientifically. Thank you very much for participating in the discussion and for answering the question: In the situation of a balanced state budget, should housing policy and social policy be developed on a large scale?

Thank you very much for the bibliographic sources provided. Thank you very much for the link to the publication, which describes important issues in this matter. Your perspective on this issue is interesting and very accurate. Joint discussions are very encouraging, new concepts are created, ideas are exchanged and different approaches to specific issues are created. Joint discussions significantly contribute to the improvement of the developed concepts of scientific research, new theses, new formulas and directions of new research works. In view of the above, I also encourage you to continue discussions on various topics on my profile.

Thank you very much and best regards, Have a nice day,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic caused a severe economic crisis in many countries in 2020. Therefore, as part of the anti-crisis socio-economic policy, pro-development instruments activating economic activity are being developed and introduced to the economy. One of such instruments may be the development of large investment projects coordinated by the state treasury and financed by the state's public finance system. As part of this type of investment, programs may be developed, e.g. the construction of new highways, the expansion of the infrastructure of public institutions of the state, the development of security systems against natural disasters intensifying due to climate change, the development of pro-ecological investment projects that meet the principles of sustainable development, the development of projects that play an important role in the pro-ecological transformation of the economy , development of housing construction using new energy and pro-ecological technologies. In this connection, I would like to ask: Are there any known research results which show that currently in certain countries, as part of the anti-crisis socio-economic policy, large-scale housing construction projects financed from the public finance system are being developed? In which countries and with what consequences are large-scale housing projects currently being used as part of the anti-crisis economic policy?

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In a situation of economic downturn, including the economic crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic, increasing the scale of pro-development, anti-crisis state intervention carried out taking into account actively developed housing, social and budget policies, etc., may be an important factor in accelerating the process of leaving economy out of crisis.

What do you think about it?

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

See this link

http://www.oecd.org/social/social-housing-policy-brief-2020.pdf

Dear Isam Alkhalifawi,

Thank you very much for proposing an interesting article on this important issue of social housing policy. Thank you very much for your valuable participation in our discussion.

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the country in which I operate in 2020, construction companies received large financial subsidies under the anti-crisis, anti-covid, financial public aid. From the point of view of the anti-pandemic security system, it was an unjustified state aid. By contrast, the objectives and effects were purely economic. Among other things, thanks to this public financial aid addressed to commercial entities in the construction sector, a much larger number of apartments were commissioned compared to the long-term average of this level, and the prices of a square meter of housing increased significantly despite the economic downturn caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (Covid -19). In large cities, the increase in real estate prices in 2020 was as high as 20-30%. despite the general downturn in the economy. So, with the declining incomes of citizens operating in lockdown sectors, real estate turned out to be even more difficult to obtain in terms of prices. Therefore, the anti-crisis, interventionist socio-economic policy conducted in this way improves the financial condition of economic entities receiving non-repayable financial subsidies, generates better-looking macroeconomic indicators, a relatively high level of production and employment despite the general economic downturn and a reduction in the decline in tax revenues to the state budget.

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Active social policy, housing policy and sectoral pro-development policy could have been important components of the anti-crisis socio-economic policy during the economic crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic.

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In some countries, property prices continued to rise despite the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic and the 2020 economic crisis. In such a situation, the housing construction sector played the role of an anti-crisis buffer. The question arises whether, in such a situation, the additional support under anti-crisis shields under public aid programs offered to enterprises implementing construction projects could significantly mitigate the scale of the economic recession? What do you think about it?

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you, Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz