The ongoing technological and strategic rivalry between the United States and China has profound implications for Pakistan’s national security, compelling Islamabad to navigate a complex geopolitical landscape with caution and agility. As both superpowers intensify their competition—particularly in areas like artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, semiconductor technology, and military modernization—Pakistan finds itself in a delicate balancing act, trying to maintain beneficial relations with both while safeguarding its sovereignty and strategic interests.

Pakistan’s deepening alliance with China, especially through the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), has brought significant economic and technological benefits. These include joint ventures in satellite development, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and advanced military platforms such as J-10C fighter jets and Hangor-class submarines. China has also provided real-time intelligence and diplomatic support during regional conflicts, reinforcing its role as a strategic partner. However, this growing dependence on China raises concerns about overreliance, particularly as the U.S. views CPEC with skepticism, citing transparency issues and potential debt traps.

On the other hand, Pakistan continues to maintain ties with the United States, especially in areas like education, health, climate resilience, and counterterrorism. U.S.-funded programs have supported Pakistan’s digital economy and institutional development, while recent high-level military visits have signaled a renewed interest in strategic cooperation. Yet, the U.S. pivot toward India as a counterbalance to China complicates Pakistan’s regional security calculus, especially given India’s portrayal of Pakistan as a proxy of Chinese influence during the May 2025 conflict.

The technological decoupling between the U.S. and China—particularly in semiconductors, AI, and cyber capabilities—poses additional risks for Pakistan. As access to critical technologies becomes increasingly polarized, Pakistan must avoid being caught in the crossfire. Its strategic planners advocate for a dual-track foreign policy that leverages both partnerships while investing heavily in indigenous capabilities, including satellite platforms, drone warfare, and electronic warfare systems.

Pakistan’s national security is also shaped by its geographic proximity to China and India, its historical ties with the U.S., and its role in regional stability. The rivalry between the U.S. and China has the potential to escalate tensions across South Asia, increase the risk of nuclear proliferation, and complicate efforts to stabilize Afghanistan. To mitigate these risks, Pakistan must pursue strategic autonomy by diversifying its international partnerships, enhancing domestic governance, and maintaining diplomatic agility.

In summary, the U.S.-China technological war presents both opportunities and challenges for Pakistan. While it can benefit from technological transfers and economic investments from both sides, it must carefully manage its foreign policy to avoid strategic overdependence, maintain regional stability, and protect its national security interests in an increasingly multipolar world.