Yes this is possible but some boundaries can't be neglected:

The tensile material needs to have a conciderable higher Young modulus to be effective.

Adhesion is needed between the material and the concrete to transfer forces.

It must resist a chemical environment with a pH of 13 at the inner part of the concrete but on the other hand it must resist also to corrosion because due to carbonatation it is possble the the pH lowers to about 7.

Finally steel is the cheapest and best material that deals with this factors, but Aramide, carbon, glass fibres if well protected and even Bamboe are also possible.

Steel is used because the thermal expansion coefficient of both the materials are almost same and that provides bond between concrete and steel for strain compatibility.

Secondly, it is good in tension and can take significant tensile force in reinforced concrete members.

Steel also provides ductility which allow the reinforced concrete members to deform significantly before collapse, an important property to be exhibited before impeding failure of structure.

However other materials are also being tried rather than discrete placement of steel, fibres are also used in dispersed form.

Bamboo is the strongest natural fiber material and its tensile strength varies from 100 MPa to 300 MPa . It can be used in splint form as reinforcement in concrete. To improve bond stress coating is essential.

Coconut coir is also promising material can be used similar to ferrocement Technology.

I agree with the above responses. Additionally, carbon fiber reinforced polymer bars (CFRP bars) have been manufactured and a lot of research has been done on their properties in concrete, but I do not know if they were actually used in the structures.

Of course you can with any materials whose tensile strength, durability, surface characteristics and thermal properties are compatible with concrete. The only question would be cost.

In bhutan we as a engineer don't used the bamboo instead of steel rod. Is it possible to used here also

Steel can not be replaced by any other material but the amount of steel may be reduced partially using carbon fiber.

The industry has shown us that materials exist to replace steel reinforcing such as fiberglass, basalt, glass and more. The key here is to understand the impact on our design methods.

Les réponses précédentes me satisfont. Mais un autre matériau fibreux tel que le rônier, du nom scientifique Borassus aethiopum, peut aussi être utilisé comme renfort dans le béton. Sa résistance en traction varie de 150 à 300 MPa.

you can use fibers, engineered cementitious materials, or even bamboo can be used as replacement to steel bars

Reinforced concrete as a construction material is designed and cast according to codes and rules which have been modified and refined in the last century, based on the large number of case histories and studies. All these studies were related to concrete mix and steel rebars, and their developments in the years. Several countries have codes which allow for the use of different materials to provide tension stresses inside a concrete element, but all make reference to specific "systems", which have to go through serious and convincing test procedures and have to be accompanied by codes for the "design criteria" and for the "on site approval", in order to guarantee their efficiency and safety. Otherwise it would be inappropriate to entrust the safety of people to an untested construction system. Obviously new ideas and trials are always welcome and studied widely throughout the world.

We don't recommend using bamboo for reinforcement in concrete. Although bamboo is a material with extraordinary mechanical properties, we consider its use in bamboo-reinforced concrete to be an ill-considered concept, having significant durability, strength and stiffness issues, and does not meet the environmentally friendly credentials often attributed to it. See our paper "Bamboo reinforced concrete: a critical review".

Research has been going on, for using Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars. This is of great interest especially when concrete is subjected to effects of marine environment.

I agree with Dr. Al-Khafaji. But remember that there are historical buildings which contains no steel and still resist tensile forces. I heard that people used branches from special types of trees to resist the load. nowadays many African and Asian countries are using bamboo.

Sure we can use FRPs rebars as replacements for steel bars in RC, however, the major issues are establishment of new design rules and procedures, new design code requirements and provisions. Keep in mind that the RC with steel rebars had been greatly researched and tested for more than a decade which resulted on what we have today of codes and empirical formulae of design.

Of course yes! The most suitable replacement material would be fibers. Some commonly used fibers in concrete are steel, glass, carbon, aramid etc. However, while using fibers, aspect ratio and dosage shall be carefully monitored as they directly affect the strength development process in concrete. Bamboo is one another material that is a suitable alternative for low cost housing.

Good question.. Please share me the best answer might you get...

Indeed a good question and pertinent to the ongoing research of the last decade. Lot of research is being conducted on Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement to replace the traditional steel reinforcement. The International Concrete Standards also recognize the usage of FRP as an alternative to steel.

For example, ACI 440.1R-15 provides recommendation for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with FRP. You may also find relevant standards from other countries.

You may even have other alternative materials such as, GFRP, etc.

Hope this helps.

Thank you all for your comment and suggestion. Help me in future too.

FRP bars are already in use.

Can iron filings replace steel rods in rcc

Of course for increasing tensile strength of concrete without compromising compression strength we should minimize steel content in rod form and add other tensile materials made of metallic objects in powder or other suitable form without them getting clogged as only metals are ductile.