in a case-control study, is it must for the population to be the same for control and cases?
i mean if we are going to study the impact of Female genital mutilation(FGM) on obstetric outcome in immigrant women
those who have FGM will be from some ethnic group, for control group if finding women without FGM is difficult from the same immigrant ethnic group, in these case can we take control from
other non-African or European women??
Ideally, controls should come from the same source population as cases. Not a must. What is/are exposure(s) of interest?
Cases are those with FGM in immigrant women of a specific ethnic group.
Controls are those without FGM from general population or ob/gyn clinics or could be friends/neighbors of case women.
There are various sources of controls (population-based, clinic or hospital-based or friends/neighbors etc.) each source has advantages and disadvantages (selection bias). The following studies used hospital-based controls.
Article A case-control study on the association between female genit...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19459862/
Case-control study textbook may be helpful.
The Case-control Method: Design and Applications
By Haroutune K. Armenian
Yes. In scientific research, you must include a control group equal to the treatment group in every way except that it will not receive the experimental treatment. Without a control group, exactly as same as the treatment group, you can't analyze whether the results were because of the treatment or due to another variable that caused the experiment's outcome.
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