Learning from the experiences of the UK Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) on the missing MH370, it was found that an aircraft is able to communicate with ground stations via satellite. If the ground station has not heard from an aircraft for an hour it will transmit a ‘log on/log off’ message, sometimes referred to as a ‘ping’, using the aircraft’s unique identifier. If the aircraft receives its unique identifier, it returns a short message indicating that it is still logged on. This process has been described as a “handshake” and takes place automatically.

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