Function ncread reads data from variable in NetCDF data source (https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/ncread.html).
See also 'Import NetCDF Files and OPeNDAP Data' (https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/import_export/importing-network-common-data-form-netcdf-files-and-opendap-data.html)
To check your netcdf file's variables inside MATLAB, you can use the 'ncdisp' function, like this:
filename = 'W_XX-EUMETSAT-DarmstadtVISIRIMAGERYMSG2SEVIRI_C_EUMG_20120317000010.nc';
ncdisp(filename);
It will print a list of available variables inside your file.
There's a huge list of variables in the provided file and some metadata, but I think you are interested in the channels data. You can scroll the list to see these variables with names 'ch1', 'ch2', 'ch3', ... , 'ch11'. You should be able to retrieve a variable's data with the following code, for example for channel 4:
chan4 = ncread(filename,'ch4');
You need also to get 'lon' and 'lat' to plot.
long = ncread(filename,'lon');
lati = ncread(filename,'lat');
You can plot using pcolor, for example:
pcolor(long,lati,chan4);
shading flat;
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