The goal of a buffer is to keep the pH of a solution within a narrow range. While the ratio of [A-]/[HA] influences the pH of a solution, the actual concentrations of A- and HA influence the effectiveness of a buffer.
Hydrochloric acid on it’s own cannot act as a buffer because it is a strong acid and dissociates completely in aqueous solution. However, hydrochloric acid can produce a buffer solution when mixed in the right proportions with the salt of a weak acid. Tris (as a pure compound usually supplied) is a base and its aqueous solutions are alkaline. It is not a buffer. To acquire a buffering capacity it sould be in equilibrium with the corresponding acid which is the protonated form of Tris. Traditionally, protonation of Tris is accomplished by addition of HCl. pH of the solution decreases to the desired value and the resulting Tris-HCl solution is what we commonly call Tris buffer.