I am seeking suggestion on reference electrodes which I can use in highly acidic solvents like conc. H2SO4?

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Cornel Radu

I suggest:

- to add a salt bridge to an available REF (KNO3 in the salt bridge)

- to buy a commercial REF , model Hg/HgSO4 (XR200, RADIOMETER ANALYTICAL) or

- to made in your lab a Cu/CuSO4 ref electrode.

Md. Mominul Islam

Previous answers are excellent.

Pt wire can be directly used as a quasi-reference electrode.

The dissolution of metallic platinum would depend on the type of acid. The condition of dissolution of Pt may be seen in Towards a comprehensive understanding of platinum dissolution in acidic media (DOI: 10.1039/C3SC52411F).

Hamed Tavakkoli

Mercury/mercurous sulfate (Hg/Hg2SO4): The presence of chloride contamination in highly acidic environments will make the use of calomel impossible. More than any other reference electrode, this requires the most caution in use and disposal. It is extremely toxic and the outer chamber is filled with sulfuric acid.