I think that another alternative is to functionalize the electrode's surface with a molecule able to form covalent interactions between the surface and nanomaterial. For example, for gold nanomaterials you can functionalize the electrode's surface with thiolated compounds and after link the gold to electrode's surface.

Best wishes

Karen Bolaños Thank you for your suggestion but I can not functionalize my material via covalent interaction because my ligands are itself attached to the nanocrystal via covalent bonding.

Chandan Kumar Tiwari there are different methods you can apply. As I do not know your nano material and how you synthesis it so it is difficult to suggest the specific method but here i can tell you general.

As you mentioned your material is coming off, even you use the Nafion, so in that case you need to optimize the quantity of material that you are transferring on the surface of electrode to making paste method. Generally it ranges from 1microlitter to 5 microlitter, so you have to start with least quantity and then make sure to dry it completely.

Second you need to modify your electrode for electrostatic attraction. For example the general binder that we used as PDDA or list of others. So you first can dip into the polymer binder and then dip into your nano material for certain period of time (as I do not know the depth of your nano material composition so I can not suggest particular, you need to have a look).

Third you can apply the nano material by electrochemicaly controlled potential. You need to look the method accordingly your nano-material and application.

Also by applying these methods you have to look at the working electrode surface either glassy carbon or gold electrode etc.

Bushra Ali Thank you very much for your nice suggestion. Your suggestions seems general and quite helpful.