Soumita--do you mean seasonal and annual groundwater storage changes from GRACE?

For shallow water tables, ground-penetrating radar can indicate water table depth in some circumstances (there is a literature on this). This is quite expensive unless such data has already been obtained.

For some circumstances, depending on available hydrologic data, a water balance approach can be used to estimate groundwater storage changes, however typically uncertainties associated with this approach are large.

If streamflow data for your study area is available, you may be able to infer changes in groundwater storage from the dependence of volumetric streamflow on prior precipitation; particularly if you have a very slow component of groundwater drainage response (on order of a year or more). For example, if annual streamflow volume for water-year 'y' correlates with precipitation not only for water-year 'y', but also with precipitation from prior water-years (e.g. 'water-years 'y-1' and 'y-2'), then the dependence of annual streamflow on prior water-year precipitation can be attributed to storage and slow drainage of groundwater into the stream; i.e. the watershed has a slow-draining component of groundwater storage (the watershed may also have faster draining components of groundwater storage).

Thanks a lot James. I meant annual groundwater storage.

Dear Soumita Sengupta

You can use the groundwater flow net for the study area if it is drawn accurately and geometrically (flow lines and equipotential lines) by using modified Darcy's law.

Regards

use handpump water to grace..it will work..

Mind-blowing..😂@Anterdipan Singh

thanks Soumita Sengupta